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Severe pulmonary hypertension: The role of metabolic and endocrine disorders
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multi-factorial condition and the underlying pulmonary vascular disease is shaped by the combined action of genetic, epigenetic and immune-related factors. Whether and how gender, obesity and the metabolic syndrome modify PAH and associated right heart fail...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3401868/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22837855 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2045-8932.97592 |
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author | Bogaard, Harm J. Al Husseini, Aysar Farkas, Laszlo Farkas, Daniela Gomez-Arroyo, Jose Abbate, Antonio Voelkel, Norbert F. |
author_facet | Bogaard, Harm J. Al Husseini, Aysar Farkas, Laszlo Farkas, Daniela Gomez-Arroyo, Jose Abbate, Antonio Voelkel, Norbert F. |
author_sort | Bogaard, Harm J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multi-factorial condition and the underlying pulmonary vascular disease is shaped by the combined action of genetic, epigenetic and immune-related factors. Whether and how gender, obesity and the metabolic syndrome modify PAH and associated right heart failure is under intense investigation. Estrogens may enhance the process of pulmonary angioproliferation, but may also protect the right ventricle under pressure. Obesity may affect the pulmonary circulation via interactions with inflammatory cells and mediators, or via alterations in endocrine signaling. Obesity is a major risk factor for pulmonary hypertension in patients with elevated pulmonary venous pressure and preserved LV ejection fraction. Given the overlap between PAH and autoimmune diseases, hypothyroidism in patients with PAH is commonly considered a consequence of an autoimmune thyroiditis. In the clinical setting of hyperthyroidism, severe pulmonary hypertension may develop due to a hyperdynamic circulation, but a more complex situation presents itself when hyperthyroidism is associated with PAH. We recently showed in a relevant animal model of severe PAH that thyroid hormone, via its endothelial cell-proliferative action, can be permissive and drive angioproliferation. Signaling via the integrin αvβ3 and FGF receptors may participate in the formation of the lung vascular lesions in this model of PAH. Whether thyroid hormones in euthyroid PAH patients play a pathobiologically important role is unknown- as we also do not know whether the commonly diagnosed hypothyroidism in patients with severe PAH is cardioprotective. This brief review highlights some recent insights into the role of metabolic and endocrine disorders in PAH. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3401868 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34018682012-07-26 Severe pulmonary hypertension: The role of metabolic and endocrine disorders Bogaard, Harm J. Al Husseini, Aysar Farkas, Laszlo Farkas, Daniela Gomez-Arroyo, Jose Abbate, Antonio Voelkel, Norbert F. Pulm Circ Review Article Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multi-factorial condition and the underlying pulmonary vascular disease is shaped by the combined action of genetic, epigenetic and immune-related factors. Whether and how gender, obesity and the metabolic syndrome modify PAH and associated right heart failure is under intense investigation. Estrogens may enhance the process of pulmonary angioproliferation, but may also protect the right ventricle under pressure. Obesity may affect the pulmonary circulation via interactions with inflammatory cells and mediators, or via alterations in endocrine signaling. Obesity is a major risk factor for pulmonary hypertension in patients with elevated pulmonary venous pressure and preserved LV ejection fraction. Given the overlap between PAH and autoimmune diseases, hypothyroidism in patients with PAH is commonly considered a consequence of an autoimmune thyroiditis. In the clinical setting of hyperthyroidism, severe pulmonary hypertension may develop due to a hyperdynamic circulation, but a more complex situation presents itself when hyperthyroidism is associated with PAH. We recently showed in a relevant animal model of severe PAH that thyroid hormone, via its endothelial cell-proliferative action, can be permissive and drive angioproliferation. Signaling via the integrin αvβ3 and FGF receptors may participate in the formation of the lung vascular lesions in this model of PAH. Whether thyroid hormones in euthyroid PAH patients play a pathobiologically important role is unknown- as we also do not know whether the commonly diagnosed hypothyroidism in patients with severe PAH is cardioprotective. This brief review highlights some recent insights into the role of metabolic and endocrine disorders in PAH. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2012 /pmc/articles/PMC3401868/ /pubmed/22837855 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2045-8932.97592 Text en Copyright: © Pulmonary Circulation http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Bogaard, Harm J. Al Husseini, Aysar Farkas, Laszlo Farkas, Daniela Gomez-Arroyo, Jose Abbate, Antonio Voelkel, Norbert F. Severe pulmonary hypertension: The role of metabolic and endocrine disorders |
title | Severe pulmonary hypertension: The role of metabolic and endocrine disorders |
title_full | Severe pulmonary hypertension: The role of metabolic and endocrine disorders |
title_fullStr | Severe pulmonary hypertension: The role of metabolic and endocrine disorders |
title_full_unstemmed | Severe pulmonary hypertension: The role of metabolic and endocrine disorders |
title_short | Severe pulmonary hypertension: The role of metabolic and endocrine disorders |
title_sort | severe pulmonary hypertension: the role of metabolic and endocrine disorders |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3401868/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22837855 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2045-8932.97592 |
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