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Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Aging: A Review

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and muscle strength. Declines in skeletal muscle mitochondria are thought to play a primary role in this process. Mitochondria are the major producers of reactive oxygen species, which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids if not rapidly quenche...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Peterson, Courtney M., Johannsen, Darcy L., Ravussin, Eric
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3408651/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22888430
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/194821
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author Peterson, Courtney M.
Johannsen, Darcy L.
Ravussin, Eric
author_facet Peterson, Courtney M.
Johannsen, Darcy L.
Ravussin, Eric
author_sort Peterson, Courtney M.
collection PubMed
description Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and muscle strength. Declines in skeletal muscle mitochondria are thought to play a primary role in this process. Mitochondria are the major producers of reactive oxygen species, which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids if not rapidly quenched. Animal and human studies typically show that skeletal muscle mitochondria are altered with aging, including increased mutations in mitochondrial DNA, decreased activity of some mitochondrial enzymes, altered respiration with reduced maximal capacity at least in sedentary individuals, and reduced total mitochondrial content with increased morphological changes. However, there has been much controversy over measurements of mitochondrial energy production, which may largely be explained by differences in approach and by whether physical activity is controlled for. These changes may in turn alter mitochondrial dynamics, such as fusion and fission rates, and mitochondrially induced apoptosis, which may also lead to net muscle fiber loss and age-related sarcopenia. Fortunately, strategies such as exercise and caloric restriction that reduce oxidative damage also improve mitochondrial function. While these strategies may not completely prevent the primary effects of aging, they may help to attenuate the rate of decline.
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spelling pubmed-34086512012-08-10 Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Aging: A Review Peterson, Courtney M. Johannsen, Darcy L. Ravussin, Eric J Aging Res Review Article Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and muscle strength. Declines in skeletal muscle mitochondria are thought to play a primary role in this process. Mitochondria are the major producers of reactive oxygen species, which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids if not rapidly quenched. Animal and human studies typically show that skeletal muscle mitochondria are altered with aging, including increased mutations in mitochondrial DNA, decreased activity of some mitochondrial enzymes, altered respiration with reduced maximal capacity at least in sedentary individuals, and reduced total mitochondrial content with increased morphological changes. However, there has been much controversy over measurements of mitochondrial energy production, which may largely be explained by differences in approach and by whether physical activity is controlled for. These changes may in turn alter mitochondrial dynamics, such as fusion and fission rates, and mitochondrially induced apoptosis, which may also lead to net muscle fiber loss and age-related sarcopenia. Fortunately, strategies such as exercise and caloric restriction that reduce oxidative damage also improve mitochondrial function. While these strategies may not completely prevent the primary effects of aging, they may help to attenuate the rate of decline. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3408651/ /pubmed/22888430 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/194821 Text en Copyright © 2012 Courtney M. Peterson et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Peterson, Courtney M.
Johannsen, Darcy L.
Ravussin, Eric
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Aging: A Review
title Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Aging: A Review
title_full Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Aging: A Review
title_fullStr Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Aging: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Aging: A Review
title_short Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Aging: A Review
title_sort skeletal muscle mitochondria and aging: a review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3408651/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22888430
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/194821
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