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Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: The HIV epidemic in Vietnam has from its start been concentrated among injecting drug users. Vietnam instituted the 2006 HIV/AIDS Law which includes comprehensive harm reduction measures, but these are unevenly accepted and inadequately implemented. Ward police are a major...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3409021/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22769590 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-9-27 |
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author | Jardine, Melissa Crofts, Nick Monaghan, Geoff Morrow, Martha |
author_facet | Jardine, Melissa Crofts, Nick Monaghan, Geoff Morrow, Martha |
author_sort | Jardine, Melissa |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: The HIV epidemic in Vietnam has from its start been concentrated among injecting drug users. Vietnam instituted the 2006 HIV/AIDS Law which includes comprehensive harm reduction measures, but these are unevenly accepted and inadequately implemented. Ward police are a major determinant of risk for IDUs, required to participate in drug control practices (especially meeting quotas for detention centres) which impede support for harm reduction. We studied influences on ward level police regarding harm reduction in Hanoi to learn how to better target education and structural change. METHODS: After document review, we interviewed informants from government, NGOs, INGOs, multilateral agencies, and police, using semi-structured guides. Topics covered included perceptions of harm reduction and the police role in drug law enforcement, and harm reduction training and advocacy among police. RESULTS: Police perceive conflicting responsibilities, but overwhelmingly see their responsibility as enforcing drug laws, identifying and knowing drug users, and selecting those for compulsory detention. Harm reduction training was very patchy, ward police not being seen as important to it; and understanding of harm reduction was limited, tending to reflect drug control priorities. Justification for methadone was as much crime prevention as HIV prevention. Competing pressures on ward police create much anxiety, with performance measures based around drug control; recourse to detention resolves competing pressures more safely. There is much recognition of the importance of discretion, and much use of it to maintain good social order. Policy dissemination approaches within the law enforcement sector were inconsistent, with little communication about harm reduction programs or approaches, and an unfounded assumption that training at senior levels would naturally reach to the street. DISCUSSION: Ward police have not been systematically included in harm reduction advocacy or training strategies to support or operationalise legalised harm reduction interventions. The practices of street police challenge harm reduction policies, entirely understandably given the competing pressures on them. For harm reduction to be effective in Vietnam, it is essential that the ambiguities and contradictions between laws to control HIV and to control drugs be resolved for the street-level police. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3409021 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34090212012-08-01 Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing Jardine, Melissa Crofts, Nick Monaghan, Geoff Morrow, Martha Harm Reduct J Research BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: The HIV epidemic in Vietnam has from its start been concentrated among injecting drug users. Vietnam instituted the 2006 HIV/AIDS Law which includes comprehensive harm reduction measures, but these are unevenly accepted and inadequately implemented. Ward police are a major determinant of risk for IDUs, required to participate in drug control practices (especially meeting quotas for detention centres) which impede support for harm reduction. We studied influences on ward level police regarding harm reduction in Hanoi to learn how to better target education and structural change. METHODS: After document review, we interviewed informants from government, NGOs, INGOs, multilateral agencies, and police, using semi-structured guides. Topics covered included perceptions of harm reduction and the police role in drug law enforcement, and harm reduction training and advocacy among police. RESULTS: Police perceive conflicting responsibilities, but overwhelmingly see their responsibility as enforcing drug laws, identifying and knowing drug users, and selecting those for compulsory detention. Harm reduction training was very patchy, ward police not being seen as important to it; and understanding of harm reduction was limited, tending to reflect drug control priorities. Justification for methadone was as much crime prevention as HIV prevention. Competing pressures on ward police create much anxiety, with performance measures based around drug control; recourse to detention resolves competing pressures more safely. There is much recognition of the importance of discretion, and much use of it to maintain good social order. Policy dissemination approaches within the law enforcement sector were inconsistent, with little communication about harm reduction programs or approaches, and an unfounded assumption that training at senior levels would naturally reach to the street. DISCUSSION: Ward police have not been systematically included in harm reduction advocacy or training strategies to support or operationalise legalised harm reduction interventions. The practices of street police challenge harm reduction policies, entirely understandably given the competing pressures on them. For harm reduction to be effective in Vietnam, it is essential that the ambiguities and contradictions between laws to control HIV and to control drugs be resolved for the street-level police. BioMed Central 2012-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3409021/ /pubmed/22769590 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-9-27 Text en Copyright ©2012 Jardine et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Jardine, Melissa Crofts, Nick Monaghan, Geoff Morrow, Martha Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing |
title | Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing |
title_full | Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing |
title_fullStr | Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing |
title_full_unstemmed | Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing |
title_short | Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing |
title_sort | harm reduction and law enforcement in vietnam: influences on street policing |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3409021/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22769590 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-9-27 |
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