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Integration of maternal genome into the neonate genome through breast milk mRNA transcripts and reverse transcriptase

Human milk samples contain microvesicles similar to the retroviruses. These microvesicles contain mRNA transcripts and possess reverse transcriptase activity. They contain about 14,000 transcripts representing the milk transcriptome. Microvesicles are also enriched with proteins related to “caveolar...

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Autores principales: Irmak, M Kemal, Oztas, Yesim, Oztas, Emin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3413567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22676860
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-9-20
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author Irmak, M Kemal
Oztas, Yesim
Oztas, Emin
author_facet Irmak, M Kemal
Oztas, Yesim
Oztas, Emin
author_sort Irmak, M Kemal
collection PubMed
description Human milk samples contain microvesicles similar to the retroviruses. These microvesicles contain mRNA transcripts and possess reverse transcriptase activity. They contain about 14,000 transcripts representing the milk transcriptome. Microvesicles are also enriched with proteins related to “caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling” pathway. It has recently been reported that microvesicles could be transferred to other cells by endocytosis and their RNA content can be translated and be functional in their new location. A significant percentage of the mammalian genome appears to be the product of reverse transcription, containing sequences whose characteristics point to RNA as a template precursor. These are mobile elements that move by way of transposition and are called retrotransposons. We thought that retrotransposons may stem from about 14,000 transcriptome of breast milk microvesicles, and reviewed the literature. The enhanced acceptance of maternal allografts in children who were breast-fed and tolerance to the maternal MHC antigens after breastfeeding may stem from RNAs of the breast milk microvesicles that can be taken up by the breastfed infant and receiving maternal genomic information. We conclude that milk microvesicles may transfer genetic signals from mother to neonate during breastfeeding. Moreover, transfer of wild type RNA from a healthy wet-nurse to the suckling neonate through the milk microvesicles and its subsequent reverse transcription and integration into the neonate genome could result in permanent correction of the clinical manifestations in genetic diseases.
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spelling pubmed-34135672012-08-08 Integration of maternal genome into the neonate genome through breast milk mRNA transcripts and reverse transcriptase Irmak, M Kemal Oztas, Yesim Oztas, Emin Theor Biol Med Model Review Human milk samples contain microvesicles similar to the retroviruses. These microvesicles contain mRNA transcripts and possess reverse transcriptase activity. They contain about 14,000 transcripts representing the milk transcriptome. Microvesicles are also enriched with proteins related to “caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling” pathway. It has recently been reported that microvesicles could be transferred to other cells by endocytosis and their RNA content can be translated and be functional in their new location. A significant percentage of the mammalian genome appears to be the product of reverse transcription, containing sequences whose characteristics point to RNA as a template precursor. These are mobile elements that move by way of transposition and are called retrotransposons. We thought that retrotransposons may stem from about 14,000 transcriptome of breast milk microvesicles, and reviewed the literature. The enhanced acceptance of maternal allografts in children who were breast-fed and tolerance to the maternal MHC antigens after breastfeeding may stem from RNAs of the breast milk microvesicles that can be taken up by the breastfed infant and receiving maternal genomic information. We conclude that milk microvesicles may transfer genetic signals from mother to neonate during breastfeeding. Moreover, transfer of wild type RNA from a healthy wet-nurse to the suckling neonate through the milk microvesicles and its subsequent reverse transcription and integration into the neonate genome could result in permanent correction of the clinical manifestations in genetic diseases. BioMed Central 2012-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3413567/ /pubmed/22676860 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-9-20 Text en Copyright ©2012 Irmak et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Irmak, M Kemal
Oztas, Yesim
Oztas, Emin
Integration of maternal genome into the neonate genome through breast milk mRNA transcripts and reverse transcriptase
title Integration of maternal genome into the neonate genome through breast milk mRNA transcripts and reverse transcriptase
title_full Integration of maternal genome into the neonate genome through breast milk mRNA transcripts and reverse transcriptase
title_fullStr Integration of maternal genome into the neonate genome through breast milk mRNA transcripts and reverse transcriptase
title_full_unstemmed Integration of maternal genome into the neonate genome through breast milk mRNA transcripts and reverse transcriptase
title_short Integration of maternal genome into the neonate genome through breast milk mRNA transcripts and reverse transcriptase
title_sort integration of maternal genome into the neonate genome through breast milk mrna transcripts and reverse transcriptase
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3413567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22676860
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-9-20
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