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n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1
Environmental hormones play important roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, drug resistance, and breast cancer risk; however, their precise role in human breast cancer cells during cancer progression remains unclear. To elucidate the effect of the most widely us...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3414447/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22905168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042750 |
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author | Hsieh, Tsung-Hua Tsai, Cheng-Fang Hsu, Chia-Yi Kuo, Po-Lin Hsi, Edward Suen, Jau-Ling Hung, Chih-Hsing Lee, Jau-Nan Chai, Chee-Yin Wang, Shao-Chun Tsai, Eing-Mei |
author_facet | Hsieh, Tsung-Hua Tsai, Cheng-Fang Hsu, Chia-Yi Kuo, Po-Lin Hsi, Edward Suen, Jau-Ling Hung, Chih-Hsing Lee, Jau-Nan Chai, Chee-Yin Wang, Shao-Chun Tsai, Eing-Mei |
author_sort | Hsieh, Tsung-Hua |
collection | PubMed |
description | Environmental hormones play important roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, drug resistance, and breast cancer risk; however, their precise role in human breast cancer cells during cancer progression remains unclear. To elucidate the effect of the most widely used industrial phthalate, n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), on cancer progression, we evaluated the results of BBP treatment using a whole human genome cDNA microarray and MetaCore software and selected candidate genes whose expression was changed by more than ten-fold by BBP compared with controls to analyze the signaling pathways in human breast cancer initiating cells (R2d). A total of 473 genes were upregulated, and 468 were downregulated. Most of these genes are involved in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis signaling. BBP induced the viability, invasion and migration, and tube formation in vitro, and Matrigel plug angiogenesis in vivo of R2d and MCF-7. Furthermore, the viability and invasion and migration of these cell lines following BBP treatment was reduced by transfection with a small interfering RNA targeting the mRNA for lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1; notably, the altered expression of this gene consistently differentiated tumors expressing genes involved in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular impact of the environmental hormone BBP and suggest possible strategies for preventing and treating human breast cancer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3414447 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34144472012-08-19 n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1 Hsieh, Tsung-Hua Tsai, Cheng-Fang Hsu, Chia-Yi Kuo, Po-Lin Hsi, Edward Suen, Jau-Ling Hung, Chih-Hsing Lee, Jau-Nan Chai, Chee-Yin Wang, Shao-Chun Tsai, Eing-Mei PLoS One Research Article Environmental hormones play important roles in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, drug resistance, and breast cancer risk; however, their precise role in human breast cancer cells during cancer progression remains unclear. To elucidate the effect of the most widely used industrial phthalate, n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), on cancer progression, we evaluated the results of BBP treatment using a whole human genome cDNA microarray and MetaCore software and selected candidate genes whose expression was changed by more than ten-fold by BBP compared with controls to analyze the signaling pathways in human breast cancer initiating cells (R2d). A total of 473 genes were upregulated, and 468 were downregulated. Most of these genes are involved in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis signaling. BBP induced the viability, invasion and migration, and tube formation in vitro, and Matrigel plug angiogenesis in vivo of R2d and MCF-7. Furthermore, the viability and invasion and migration of these cell lines following BBP treatment was reduced by transfection with a small interfering RNA targeting the mRNA for lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1; notably, the altered expression of this gene consistently differentiated tumors expressing genes involved in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular impact of the environmental hormone BBP and suggest possible strategies for preventing and treating human breast cancer. Public Library of Science 2012-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3414447/ /pubmed/22905168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042750 Text en © 2012 Hsieh et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Hsieh, Tsung-Hua Tsai, Cheng-Fang Hsu, Chia-Yi Kuo, Po-Lin Hsi, Edward Suen, Jau-Ling Hung, Chih-Hsing Lee, Jau-Nan Chai, Chee-Yin Wang, Shao-Chun Tsai, Eing-Mei n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1 |
title | n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1 |
title_full | n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1 |
title_fullStr | n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1 |
title_full_unstemmed | n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1 |
title_short | n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1 |
title_sort | n-butyl benzyl phthalate promotes breast cancer progression by inducing expression of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3414447/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22905168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042750 |
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