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Vitreous pharmacokinetics and electroretinographic findings after intravitreal injection of acyclovir in rabbits
OBJECTIVES: Acute retinal necrosis is a rapidly progressive and devastating viral retinitis caused by the herpesvirus family. Systemic acyclovir is the treatment of choice; however, the progression of retinal lesions ceases approximately 2 days after treatment initiation. An intravitreal injection o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3416900/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22948462 http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2012(08)13 |
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author | Damico, Francisco Max Scolari, Mariana Ramos Ioshimoto, Gabriela Lourençon Takahashi, Beatriz Sayuri da Silva Cunha, Armando Fialho, Sílvia Ligório Bonci, Daniela Maria Gasparin, Fabio Ventura, Dora Fix |
author_facet | Damico, Francisco Max Scolari, Mariana Ramos Ioshimoto, Gabriela Lourençon Takahashi, Beatriz Sayuri da Silva Cunha, Armando Fialho, Sílvia Ligório Bonci, Daniela Maria Gasparin, Fabio Ventura, Dora Fix |
author_sort | Damico, Francisco Max |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: Acute retinal necrosis is a rapidly progressive and devastating viral retinitis caused by the herpesvirus family. Systemic acyclovir is the treatment of choice; however, the progression of retinal lesions ceases approximately 2 days after treatment initiation. An intravitreal injection of acyclovir may be used an adjuvant therapy during the first 2 days of treatment when systemically administered acyclovir has not reached therapeutic levels in the retina. The aims of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of acyclovir in the rabbit vitreous after intravitreal injection and the functional effects of acyclovir in the rabbit retina. METHODS: Acyclovir (Acyclovir; Bedford Laboratories, Bedford, OH, USA) 1 mg in 0.1 mL was injected into the right eye vitreous of 32 New Zealand white rabbits, and 0.1 mL sterile saline solution was injected into the left eye as a control. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 9, 14, or 28 days. The eyes were enucleated, and the vitreous was removed. The half-life of acyclovir was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Electroretinograms were recorded on days 2, 9, 14, and 28 in the eight animals that were sacrificed 28 days after injection according to a modified protocol of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. RESULTS: Acyclovir rapidly decayed in the vitreous within the first two days after treatment and remained at low levels from day 9 onward. The eyes that were injected with acyclovir did not present any electroretinographic changes compared with the control eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The vitreous half-life of acyclovir is short, and the electrophysiological findings suggest that the intravitreal delivery of 1 mg acyclovir is safe and well tolerated by the rabbit retina. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3416900 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34169002012-08-14 Vitreous pharmacokinetics and electroretinographic findings after intravitreal injection of acyclovir in rabbits Damico, Francisco Max Scolari, Mariana Ramos Ioshimoto, Gabriela Lourençon Takahashi, Beatriz Sayuri da Silva Cunha, Armando Fialho, Sílvia Ligório Bonci, Daniela Maria Gasparin, Fabio Ventura, Dora Fix Clinics (Sao Paulo) Basic Research OBJECTIVES: Acute retinal necrosis is a rapidly progressive and devastating viral retinitis caused by the herpesvirus family. Systemic acyclovir is the treatment of choice; however, the progression of retinal lesions ceases approximately 2 days after treatment initiation. An intravitreal injection of acyclovir may be used an adjuvant therapy during the first 2 days of treatment when systemically administered acyclovir has not reached therapeutic levels in the retina. The aims of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of acyclovir in the rabbit vitreous after intravitreal injection and the functional effects of acyclovir in the rabbit retina. METHODS: Acyclovir (Acyclovir; Bedford Laboratories, Bedford, OH, USA) 1 mg in 0.1 mL was injected into the right eye vitreous of 32 New Zealand white rabbits, and 0.1 mL sterile saline solution was injected into the left eye as a control. The animals were sacrificed after 2, 9, 14, or 28 days. The eyes were enucleated, and the vitreous was removed. The half-life of acyclovir was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Electroretinograms were recorded on days 2, 9, 14, and 28 in the eight animals that were sacrificed 28 days after injection according to a modified protocol of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. RESULTS: Acyclovir rapidly decayed in the vitreous within the first two days after treatment and remained at low levels from day 9 onward. The eyes that were injected with acyclovir did not present any electroretinographic changes compared with the control eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The vitreous half-life of acyclovir is short, and the electrophysiological findings suggest that the intravitreal delivery of 1 mg acyclovir is safe and well tolerated by the rabbit retina. Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo 2012-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3416900/ /pubmed/22948462 http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2012(08)13 Text en Copyright © 2012 Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Basic Research Damico, Francisco Max Scolari, Mariana Ramos Ioshimoto, Gabriela Lourençon Takahashi, Beatriz Sayuri da Silva Cunha, Armando Fialho, Sílvia Ligório Bonci, Daniela Maria Gasparin, Fabio Ventura, Dora Fix Vitreous pharmacokinetics and electroretinographic findings after intravitreal injection of acyclovir in rabbits |
title | Vitreous pharmacokinetics and electroretinographic findings after intravitreal injection of acyclovir in rabbits |
title_full | Vitreous pharmacokinetics and electroretinographic findings after intravitreal injection of acyclovir in rabbits |
title_fullStr | Vitreous pharmacokinetics and electroretinographic findings after intravitreal injection of acyclovir in rabbits |
title_full_unstemmed | Vitreous pharmacokinetics and electroretinographic findings after intravitreal injection of acyclovir in rabbits |
title_short | Vitreous pharmacokinetics and electroretinographic findings after intravitreal injection of acyclovir in rabbits |
title_sort | vitreous pharmacokinetics and electroretinographic findings after intravitreal injection of acyclovir in rabbits |
topic | Basic Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3416900/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22948462 http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2012(08)13 |
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