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Mechanisms and implications of programmed translational frameshifting

While ribosomes must maintain translational reading frame in order to translate primary genetic information into polypeptides, cis‐acting signals located in mRNAs represent higher order information content that can be used to fine‐tune gene expression. Classes of signals have been identified that di...

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Autor principal: Dinman, Jonathan D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3419312/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22715123
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1126
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author Dinman, Jonathan D.
author_facet Dinman, Jonathan D.
author_sort Dinman, Jonathan D.
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description While ribosomes must maintain translational reading frame in order to translate primary genetic information into polypeptides, cis‐acting signals located in mRNAs represent higher order information content that can be used to fine‐tune gene expression. Classes of signals have been identified that direct a fraction of elongating ribosomes to shift reading frame by one base in the 5′ (−1) or 3′ (+1) direction. This is called programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF). Although mechanisms of PRF differ, a common feature is induction of ribosome pausing, which alters kinetic partitioning rates between in‐frame and out‐of‐frame codons at specific ‘slippery’ sequences. Many viruses use PRF to ensure synthesis of the correct ratios of virus‐encoded proteins required for proper viral particle assembly and maturation, thus identifying PRF as an attractive target for antiviral therapeutics. In contrast, recent studies indicate that PRF signals may primarily function as mRNA destabilizing elements in cellular mRNAs. These studies suggest that PRF may be used to fine‐tune gene expression through mRNA decay pathways. The possible regulation of PRF by noncoding RNAs is also discussed. WIREs RNA 2012 doi: 10.1002/wrna.1126 1.. RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems; 2.. RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA; 3.. Translation > Translation Regulation.
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spelling pubmed-34193122013-09-01 Mechanisms and implications of programmed translational frameshifting Dinman, Jonathan D. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA Advanced Reviews While ribosomes must maintain translational reading frame in order to translate primary genetic information into polypeptides, cis‐acting signals located in mRNAs represent higher order information content that can be used to fine‐tune gene expression. Classes of signals have been identified that direct a fraction of elongating ribosomes to shift reading frame by one base in the 5′ (−1) or 3′ (+1) direction. This is called programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF). Although mechanisms of PRF differ, a common feature is induction of ribosome pausing, which alters kinetic partitioning rates between in‐frame and out‐of‐frame codons at specific ‘slippery’ sequences. Many viruses use PRF to ensure synthesis of the correct ratios of virus‐encoded proteins required for proper viral particle assembly and maturation, thus identifying PRF as an attractive target for antiviral therapeutics. In contrast, recent studies indicate that PRF signals may primarily function as mRNA destabilizing elements in cellular mRNAs. These studies suggest that PRF may be used to fine‐tune gene expression through mRNA decay pathways. The possible regulation of PRF by noncoding RNAs is also discussed. WIREs RNA 2012 doi: 10.1002/wrna.1126 1.. RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems; 2.. RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA; 3.. Translation > Translation Regulation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012 2012-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3419312/ /pubmed/22715123 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1126 Text en Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.
spellingShingle Advanced Reviews
Dinman, Jonathan D.
Mechanisms and implications of programmed translational frameshifting
title Mechanisms and implications of programmed translational frameshifting
title_full Mechanisms and implications of programmed translational frameshifting
title_fullStr Mechanisms and implications of programmed translational frameshifting
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms and implications of programmed translational frameshifting
title_short Mechanisms and implications of programmed translational frameshifting
title_sort mechanisms and implications of programmed translational frameshifting
topic Advanced Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3419312/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22715123
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1126
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