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Naming Ability Changes in Physiological and Pathological Aging
Over the last two decades, age-related anatomical and functional brain changes have been characterized by evidence acquired primarily by means of non-invasive functional neuroimaging. These functional changes are believed to favor positive reorganization driven by adaptations to system changes as co...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Research Foundation
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422757/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933989 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00120 |
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author | Cotelli, Maria Manenti, Rosa Brambilla, Michela Zanetti, Orazio Miniussi, Carlo |
author_facet | Cotelli, Maria Manenti, Rosa Brambilla, Michela Zanetti, Orazio Miniussi, Carlo |
author_sort | Cotelli, Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Over the last two decades, age-related anatomical and functional brain changes have been characterized by evidence acquired primarily by means of non-invasive functional neuroimaging. These functional changes are believed to favor positive reorganization driven by adaptations to system changes as compensation for cognitive decline. These functional modifications have been linked to residual brain plasticity mechanisms, suggesting that all areas of the brain remain plastic during physiological and pathological aging. A technique that can be used to investigate changes in physiological and pathological aging is non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). The present paper reviews studies that have applied NIBS in younger and older adults and in patients with dementia to track changes in the cerebral areas involved in a language task (naming). The results of this research suggest that the left frontal and temporal areas are crucial during naming. Moreover, it is suggested that in older adults and patients with dementia, the right prefrontal cortex is also engaged during naming tasks, and naming performance correlates with age and/or the degree of the pathological process. Potential theories underlying the bilateral involvement of the prefrontal cortex are discussed, and the relationship between the bilateral engagement of the prefrontal cortex and the age or degree of pathology is explored. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3422757 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Frontiers Research Foundation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34227572012-08-29 Naming Ability Changes in Physiological and Pathological Aging Cotelli, Maria Manenti, Rosa Brambilla, Michela Zanetti, Orazio Miniussi, Carlo Front Neurosci Neuroscience Over the last two decades, age-related anatomical and functional brain changes have been characterized by evidence acquired primarily by means of non-invasive functional neuroimaging. These functional changes are believed to favor positive reorganization driven by adaptations to system changes as compensation for cognitive decline. These functional modifications have been linked to residual brain plasticity mechanisms, suggesting that all areas of the brain remain plastic during physiological and pathological aging. A technique that can be used to investigate changes in physiological and pathological aging is non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). The present paper reviews studies that have applied NIBS in younger and older adults and in patients with dementia to track changes in the cerebral areas involved in a language task (naming). The results of this research suggest that the left frontal and temporal areas are crucial during naming. Moreover, it is suggested that in older adults and patients with dementia, the right prefrontal cortex is also engaged during naming tasks, and naming performance correlates with age and/or the degree of the pathological process. Potential theories underlying the bilateral involvement of the prefrontal cortex are discussed, and the relationship between the bilateral engagement of the prefrontal cortex and the age or degree of pathology is explored. Frontiers Research Foundation 2012-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3422757/ /pubmed/22933989 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00120 Text en Copyright © 2012 Cotelli, Manenti, Brambilla, Zanetti and Miniussi. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Cotelli, Maria Manenti, Rosa Brambilla, Michela Zanetti, Orazio Miniussi, Carlo Naming Ability Changes in Physiological and Pathological Aging |
title | Naming Ability Changes in Physiological and Pathological Aging |
title_full | Naming Ability Changes in Physiological and Pathological Aging |
title_fullStr | Naming Ability Changes in Physiological and Pathological Aging |
title_full_unstemmed | Naming Ability Changes in Physiological and Pathological Aging |
title_short | Naming Ability Changes in Physiological and Pathological Aging |
title_sort | naming ability changes in physiological and pathological aging |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422757/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22933989 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00120 |
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