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The evolution of human adiposity and obesity: where did it all go wrong?

Because obesity is associated with diverse chronic diseases, little attention has been directed to the multiple beneficial functions of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue not only provides energy for growth, reproduction and immune function, but also secretes and receives diverse signaling molecules tha...

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Autor principal: Wells, Jonathan C. K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Company of Biologists Limited 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3424456/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22915021
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dmm.009613
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author_facet Wells, Jonathan C. K.
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description Because obesity is associated with diverse chronic diseases, little attention has been directed to the multiple beneficial functions of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue not only provides energy for growth, reproduction and immune function, but also secretes and receives diverse signaling molecules that coordinate energy allocation between these functions in response to ecological conditions. Importantly, many relevant ecological cues act on growth and physique, with adiposity responding as a counterbalancing risk management strategy. The large number of individual alleles associated with adipose tissue illustrates its integration with diverse metabolic pathways. However, phenotypic variation in age, sex, ethnicity and social status is further associated with different strategies for storing and using energy. Adiposity therefore represents a key means of phenotypic flexibility within and across generations, enabling a coherent life-history strategy in the face of ecological stochasticity. The sensitivity of numerous metabolic pathways to ecological cues makes our species vulnerable to manipulative globalized economic forces. The aim of this article is to understand how human adipose tissue biology interacts with modern environmental pressures to generate excess weight gain and obesity. The disease component of obesity might lie not in adipose tissue itself, but in its perturbation by our modern industrialized niche. Efforts to combat obesity could be more effective if they prioritized ‘external’ environmental change rather than attempting to manipulate ‘internal’ biology through pharmaceutical or behavioral means.
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spelling pubmed-34244562012-09-01 The evolution of human adiposity and obesity: where did it all go wrong? Wells, Jonathan C. K. Dis Model Mech Special Article Because obesity is associated with diverse chronic diseases, little attention has been directed to the multiple beneficial functions of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue not only provides energy for growth, reproduction and immune function, but also secretes and receives diverse signaling molecules that coordinate energy allocation between these functions in response to ecological conditions. Importantly, many relevant ecological cues act on growth and physique, with adiposity responding as a counterbalancing risk management strategy. The large number of individual alleles associated with adipose tissue illustrates its integration with diverse metabolic pathways. However, phenotypic variation in age, sex, ethnicity and social status is further associated with different strategies for storing and using energy. Adiposity therefore represents a key means of phenotypic flexibility within and across generations, enabling a coherent life-history strategy in the face of ecological stochasticity. The sensitivity of numerous metabolic pathways to ecological cues makes our species vulnerable to manipulative globalized economic forces. The aim of this article is to understand how human adipose tissue biology interacts with modern environmental pressures to generate excess weight gain and obesity. The disease component of obesity might lie not in adipose tissue itself, but in its perturbation by our modern industrialized niche. Efforts to combat obesity could be more effective if they prioritized ‘external’ environmental change rather than attempting to manipulate ‘internal’ biology through pharmaceutical or behavioral means. The Company of Biologists Limited 2012-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3424456/ /pubmed/22915021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dmm.009613 Text en © 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly cited and all further distributions of the work or adaptation are subject to the same Creative Commons License terms.
spellingShingle Special Article
Wells, Jonathan C. K.
The evolution of human adiposity and obesity: where did it all go wrong?
title The evolution of human adiposity and obesity: where did it all go wrong?
title_full The evolution of human adiposity and obesity: where did it all go wrong?
title_fullStr The evolution of human adiposity and obesity: where did it all go wrong?
title_full_unstemmed The evolution of human adiposity and obesity: where did it all go wrong?
title_short The evolution of human adiposity and obesity: where did it all go wrong?
title_sort evolution of human adiposity and obesity: where did it all go wrong?
topic Special Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3424456/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22915021
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dmm.009613
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