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The endoplasmic reticulum in plant immunity and cell death

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle in eukaryotic cells and a major production site of proteins destined for vacuoles, the plasma membrane, or apoplast in plants. At the ER, these secreted proteins undergo multiple processing steps, which are supervised and conducted by the...

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Autores principales: Eichmann, Ruth, Schäfer, Patrick
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Research Foundation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3424470/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22936941
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00200
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author Eichmann, Ruth
Schäfer, Patrick
author_facet Eichmann, Ruth
Schäfer, Patrick
author_sort Eichmann, Ruth
collection PubMed
description The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle in eukaryotic cells and a major production site of proteins destined for vacuoles, the plasma membrane, or apoplast in plants. At the ER, these secreted proteins undergo multiple processing steps, which are supervised and conducted by the ER quality control system. Notably, processing of secreted proteins can considerably elevate under stress conditions and exceed ER folding capacities. The resulting accumulation of unfolded proteins is defined as ER stress. The efficiency of cells to re-establish proper ER function is crucial for stress adaptation. Besides delivering proteins directly antagonizing and resolving stress conditions, the ER monitors synthesis of immune receptors. This indicates the significance of the ER for the establishment and function of the plant immune system. Recent studies point out the fragility of the entire system and highlight the ER as initiator of programed cell death (PCD) in plants as was reported for vertebrates. This review summarizes current knowledge on the impact of the ER on immune and PCD signaling. Understanding the integration of stress signals by the ER bears a considerable potential to optimize development and to enhance stress resistance of plants.
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spelling pubmed-34244702012-08-30 The endoplasmic reticulum in plant immunity and cell death Eichmann, Ruth Schäfer, Patrick Front Plant Sci Plant Science The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle in eukaryotic cells and a major production site of proteins destined for vacuoles, the plasma membrane, or apoplast in plants. At the ER, these secreted proteins undergo multiple processing steps, which are supervised and conducted by the ER quality control system. Notably, processing of secreted proteins can considerably elevate under stress conditions and exceed ER folding capacities. The resulting accumulation of unfolded proteins is defined as ER stress. The efficiency of cells to re-establish proper ER function is crucial for stress adaptation. Besides delivering proteins directly antagonizing and resolving stress conditions, the ER monitors synthesis of immune receptors. This indicates the significance of the ER for the establishment and function of the plant immune system. Recent studies point out the fragility of the entire system and highlight the ER as initiator of programed cell death (PCD) in plants as was reported for vertebrates. This review summarizes current knowledge on the impact of the ER on immune and PCD signaling. Understanding the integration of stress signals by the ER bears a considerable potential to optimize development and to enhance stress resistance of plants. Frontiers Research Foundation 2012-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC3424470/ /pubmed/22936941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00200 Text en Copyright © Eichmann and Schäfer. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) , which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Eichmann, Ruth
Schäfer, Patrick
The endoplasmic reticulum in plant immunity and cell death
title The endoplasmic reticulum in plant immunity and cell death
title_full The endoplasmic reticulum in plant immunity and cell death
title_fullStr The endoplasmic reticulum in plant immunity and cell death
title_full_unstemmed The endoplasmic reticulum in plant immunity and cell death
title_short The endoplasmic reticulum in plant immunity and cell death
title_sort endoplasmic reticulum in plant immunity and cell death
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3424470/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22936941
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00200
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