Cargando…
Gut Microbial Translocation in Critically Ill Children and Effects of Supplementation with Pre- and Pro Biotics
Bacterial translocation as a direct cause of sepsis is an attractive hypothesis that presupposes that in specific situations bacteria cross the intestinal barrier, enter the systemic circulation, and cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Critically ill children are at increased risk for b...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2012
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22934115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/151393 |
_version_ | 1782241483063033856 |
---|---|
author | Papoff, Paola Ceccarelli, Giancarlo d'Ettorre, Gabriella Cerasaro, Carla Caresta, Elena Midulla, Fabio Moretti, Corrado |
author_facet | Papoff, Paola Ceccarelli, Giancarlo d'Ettorre, Gabriella Cerasaro, Carla Caresta, Elena Midulla, Fabio Moretti, Corrado |
author_sort | Papoff, Paola |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bacterial translocation as a direct cause of sepsis is an attractive hypothesis that presupposes that in specific situations bacteria cross the intestinal barrier, enter the systemic circulation, and cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Critically ill children are at increased risk for bacterial translocation, particularly in the early postnatal age. Predisposing factors include intestinal obstruction, obstructive jaundice, intra-abdominal hypertension, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and secondary ileus, and immaturity of the intestinal barrier per se. Despite good evidence from experimental studies to support the theory of bacterial translocation as a cause of sepsis, there is little evidence in human studies to confirm that translocation is directly correlated to bloodstream infections in critically ill children. This paper provides an overview of the gut microflora and its significance, a focus on the mechanisms employed by bacteria to gain access to the systemic circulation, and how critical illness creates a hostile environment in the gut and alters the microflora favoring the growth of pathogens that promote bacterial translocation. It also covers treatment with pre- and pro biotics during critical illness to restore the balance of microbial communities in a beneficial way with positive effects on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3426218 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34262182012-08-29 Gut Microbial Translocation in Critically Ill Children and Effects of Supplementation with Pre- and Pro Biotics Papoff, Paola Ceccarelli, Giancarlo d'Ettorre, Gabriella Cerasaro, Carla Caresta, Elena Midulla, Fabio Moretti, Corrado Int J Microbiol Review Article Bacterial translocation as a direct cause of sepsis is an attractive hypothesis that presupposes that in specific situations bacteria cross the intestinal barrier, enter the systemic circulation, and cause a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Critically ill children are at increased risk for bacterial translocation, particularly in the early postnatal age. Predisposing factors include intestinal obstruction, obstructive jaundice, intra-abdominal hypertension, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and secondary ileus, and immaturity of the intestinal barrier per se. Despite good evidence from experimental studies to support the theory of bacterial translocation as a cause of sepsis, there is little evidence in human studies to confirm that translocation is directly correlated to bloodstream infections in critically ill children. This paper provides an overview of the gut microflora and its significance, a focus on the mechanisms employed by bacteria to gain access to the systemic circulation, and how critical illness creates a hostile environment in the gut and alters the microflora favoring the growth of pathogens that promote bacterial translocation. It also covers treatment with pre- and pro biotics during critical illness to restore the balance of microbial communities in a beneficial way with positive effects on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-08-15 /pmc/articles/PMC3426218/ /pubmed/22934115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/151393 Text en Copyright © 2012 Paola Papoff et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Papoff, Paola Ceccarelli, Giancarlo d'Ettorre, Gabriella Cerasaro, Carla Caresta, Elena Midulla, Fabio Moretti, Corrado Gut Microbial Translocation in Critically Ill Children and Effects of Supplementation with Pre- and Pro Biotics |
title | Gut Microbial Translocation in Critically Ill Children and Effects of Supplementation with Pre- and Pro Biotics |
title_full | Gut Microbial Translocation in Critically Ill Children and Effects of Supplementation with Pre- and Pro Biotics |
title_fullStr | Gut Microbial Translocation in Critically Ill Children and Effects of Supplementation with Pre- and Pro Biotics |
title_full_unstemmed | Gut Microbial Translocation in Critically Ill Children and Effects of Supplementation with Pre- and Pro Biotics |
title_short | Gut Microbial Translocation in Critically Ill Children and Effects of Supplementation with Pre- and Pro Biotics |
title_sort | gut microbial translocation in critically ill children and effects of supplementation with pre- and pro biotics |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22934115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/151393 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT papoffpaola gutmicrobialtranslocationincriticallyillchildrenandeffectsofsupplementationwithpreandprobiotics AT ceccarelligiancarlo gutmicrobialtranslocationincriticallyillchildrenandeffectsofsupplementationwithpreandprobiotics AT dettorregabriella gutmicrobialtranslocationincriticallyillchildrenandeffectsofsupplementationwithpreandprobiotics AT cerasarocarla gutmicrobialtranslocationincriticallyillchildrenandeffectsofsupplementationwithpreandprobiotics AT carestaelena gutmicrobialtranslocationincriticallyillchildrenandeffectsofsupplementationwithpreandprobiotics AT midullafabio gutmicrobialtranslocationincriticallyillchildrenandeffectsofsupplementationwithpreandprobiotics AT moretticorrado gutmicrobialtranslocationincriticallyillchildrenandeffectsofsupplementationwithpreandprobiotics |