Cargando…
Environmental Effects on Allergen Levels in Commercially Grown Non-Genetically Modified Soybeans: Assessing Variation Across North America
Soybean (Glycine max) is a hugely valuable soft commodity that generates tens of billions of dollars annually. This value is due in part to the balanced composition of the seed which is roughly 1:2:2 oil, starch, and protein by weight. In turn, the seeds have many uses with various derivatives appea...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Research Foundation
2012
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427918/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22969785 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00196 |
_version_ | 1782241651816660992 |
---|---|
author | Stevenson, Severin E. Woods, Carlotta A. Hong, Bonnie Kong, Xiaoxiao Thelen, Jay J. Ladics, Gregory S. |
author_facet | Stevenson, Severin E. Woods, Carlotta A. Hong, Bonnie Kong, Xiaoxiao Thelen, Jay J. Ladics, Gregory S. |
author_sort | Stevenson, Severin E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Soybean (Glycine max) is a hugely valuable soft commodity that generates tens of billions of dollars annually. This value is due in part to the balanced composition of the seed which is roughly 1:2:2 oil, starch, and protein by weight. In turn, the seeds have many uses with various derivatives appearing broadly in processed food products. As is true with many edible seeds, soybeans contain proteins that are anti-nutritional factors and allergens. Soybean, along with milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, and wheat, elicit a majority of food allergy reactions in the United States. Soybean seed composition can be affected by breeding, and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, moisture, insect/pathogen load, and/or soil nutrient levels). The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of genotype and environment on allergen and anti-nutritional proteins in soybean. To address genetic and environmental effects, four varieties of non-GM soybeans were grown in six geographically distinct regions of North America (Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Ontario, and Pennsylvania). Absolute quantification of proteins by mass spectrometry can be achieved with a technique called multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), during which signals from an endogenous protein are compared to those from a synthetic heavy-labeled internal standard. Using MRM, eight allergens were absolutely quantified for each variety in each environment. Statistical analyses show that for most allergens, the effects of environment far outweigh the differences between varieties brought about by breeding. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3427918 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Frontiers Research Foundation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34279182012-09-11 Environmental Effects on Allergen Levels in Commercially Grown Non-Genetically Modified Soybeans: Assessing Variation Across North America Stevenson, Severin E. Woods, Carlotta A. Hong, Bonnie Kong, Xiaoxiao Thelen, Jay J. Ladics, Gregory S. Front Plant Sci Plant Science Soybean (Glycine max) is a hugely valuable soft commodity that generates tens of billions of dollars annually. This value is due in part to the balanced composition of the seed which is roughly 1:2:2 oil, starch, and protein by weight. In turn, the seeds have many uses with various derivatives appearing broadly in processed food products. As is true with many edible seeds, soybeans contain proteins that are anti-nutritional factors and allergens. Soybean, along with milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, and wheat, elicit a majority of food allergy reactions in the United States. Soybean seed composition can be affected by breeding, and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, moisture, insect/pathogen load, and/or soil nutrient levels). The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of genotype and environment on allergen and anti-nutritional proteins in soybean. To address genetic and environmental effects, four varieties of non-GM soybeans were grown in six geographically distinct regions of North America (Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Ontario, and Pennsylvania). Absolute quantification of proteins by mass spectrometry can be achieved with a technique called multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), during which signals from an endogenous protein are compared to those from a synthetic heavy-labeled internal standard. Using MRM, eight allergens were absolutely quantified for each variety in each environment. Statistical analyses show that for most allergens, the effects of environment far outweigh the differences between varieties brought about by breeding. Frontiers Research Foundation 2012-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC3427918/ /pubmed/22969785 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00196 Text en Copyright © 2012 Stevenson, Woods, Hong, Kong, Thelen and Ladics. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Stevenson, Severin E. Woods, Carlotta A. Hong, Bonnie Kong, Xiaoxiao Thelen, Jay J. Ladics, Gregory S. Environmental Effects on Allergen Levels in Commercially Grown Non-Genetically Modified Soybeans: Assessing Variation Across North America |
title | Environmental Effects on Allergen Levels in Commercially Grown Non-Genetically Modified Soybeans: Assessing Variation Across North America |
title_full | Environmental Effects on Allergen Levels in Commercially Grown Non-Genetically Modified Soybeans: Assessing Variation Across North America |
title_fullStr | Environmental Effects on Allergen Levels in Commercially Grown Non-Genetically Modified Soybeans: Assessing Variation Across North America |
title_full_unstemmed | Environmental Effects on Allergen Levels in Commercially Grown Non-Genetically Modified Soybeans: Assessing Variation Across North America |
title_short | Environmental Effects on Allergen Levels in Commercially Grown Non-Genetically Modified Soybeans: Assessing Variation Across North America |
title_sort | environmental effects on allergen levels in commercially grown non-genetically modified soybeans: assessing variation across north america |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427918/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22969785 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00196 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT stevensonseverine environmentaleffectsonallergenlevelsincommerciallygrownnongeneticallymodifiedsoybeansassessingvariationacrossnorthamerica AT woodscarlottaa environmentaleffectsonallergenlevelsincommerciallygrownnongeneticallymodifiedsoybeansassessingvariationacrossnorthamerica AT hongbonnie environmentaleffectsonallergenlevelsincommerciallygrownnongeneticallymodifiedsoybeansassessingvariationacrossnorthamerica AT kongxiaoxiao environmentaleffectsonallergenlevelsincommerciallygrownnongeneticallymodifiedsoybeansassessingvariationacrossnorthamerica AT thelenjayj environmentaleffectsonallergenlevelsincommerciallygrownnongeneticallymodifiedsoybeansassessingvariationacrossnorthamerica AT ladicsgregorys environmentaleffectsonallergenlevelsincommerciallygrownnongeneticallymodifiedsoybeansassessingvariationacrossnorthamerica |