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The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review

Nuclear and nuclear-related technologies have played an important role in animal health, particularly in relation to disease diagnosis and characterization of pathogenic organisms. This review focuses primarily on how and where nuclear technologies, both non-isotopic and isotopic methods, have made...

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Autores principales: Viljoen, Gerrit J., Luckins, Antony G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Netherlands 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3433664/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22286376
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0077-5
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author Viljoen, Gerrit J.
Luckins, Antony G.
author_facet Viljoen, Gerrit J.
Luckins, Antony G.
author_sort Viljoen, Gerrit J.
collection PubMed
description Nuclear and nuclear-related technologies have played an important role in animal health, particularly in relation to disease diagnosis and characterization of pathogenic organisms. This review focuses primarily on how and where nuclear technologies, both non-isotopic and isotopic methods, have made their impact in the past and where it might be expected they could have an impact in the future. The review outlines the extensive use of radiation attenuation in attempts to create vaccines for a multiplicity of pathogenic organisms and how the technology is being re-examined in the light of recent advances in irradiation techniques and cryopreservation/lyophilization that might obviate some of the problems of maintenance of viable, attenuate vaccines and their transport and use in the field. This approach could be used for a number of parasitic diseases where vaccination has been problematic and where investigations into the development of molecular vaccines have still failed to deliver satisfactory candidates for generating protective immune responses. Irradiation of antigens or serum samples also has its uses in diagnosis, especially when the samples need to be transported across international boundaries, or when handling the pathogens in question when carrying out a test presents serious health hazards to laboratory personnel. The present-day extensive use of enzyme immunoassays and molecular methods (e.g., polymerase chain reaction) for diagnosis and characterization of animal pathogens has its origins in the use of isotope-labeled antigens and antibodies. These isotopic techniques that included the use of (75)Se, (32)P, (125)I, and (35)S isotopes enabled a level of sensitivity and specificity that was hitherto unrealized, and it is prescient to remind ourselves of just how successful these technologies were, in spite of their infrequent use nowadays. Finally, the review looks at the potential for stable isotope analysis for a variety of applications—in the tracking of animal migrations, where the migrant are potential carriers of transboundary animal diseases, and where it would be useful to determine the origins of the carrier, e.g., Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and its dissemination by wild water fowl. Other applications could be in monitoring sequestered microbial culture (e.g., rinderpest virus) where in the case of accidental or deliberate release of infective culture it would be possible to identify the laboratory from which the isolate originated.
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spelling pubmed-34336642012-09-20 The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review Viljoen, Gerrit J. Luckins, Antony G. Trop Anim Health Prod Review Article Nuclear and nuclear-related technologies have played an important role in animal health, particularly in relation to disease diagnosis and characterization of pathogenic organisms. This review focuses primarily on how and where nuclear technologies, both non-isotopic and isotopic methods, have made their impact in the past and where it might be expected they could have an impact in the future. The review outlines the extensive use of radiation attenuation in attempts to create vaccines for a multiplicity of pathogenic organisms and how the technology is being re-examined in the light of recent advances in irradiation techniques and cryopreservation/lyophilization that might obviate some of the problems of maintenance of viable, attenuate vaccines and their transport and use in the field. This approach could be used for a number of parasitic diseases where vaccination has been problematic and where investigations into the development of molecular vaccines have still failed to deliver satisfactory candidates for generating protective immune responses. Irradiation of antigens or serum samples also has its uses in diagnosis, especially when the samples need to be transported across international boundaries, or when handling the pathogens in question when carrying out a test presents serious health hazards to laboratory personnel. The present-day extensive use of enzyme immunoassays and molecular methods (e.g., polymerase chain reaction) for diagnosis and characterization of animal pathogens has its origins in the use of isotope-labeled antigens and antibodies. These isotopic techniques that included the use of (75)Se, (32)P, (125)I, and (35)S isotopes enabled a level of sensitivity and specificity that was hitherto unrealized, and it is prescient to remind ourselves of just how successful these technologies were, in spite of their infrequent use nowadays. Finally, the review looks at the potential for stable isotope analysis for a variety of applications—in the tracking of animal migrations, where the migrant are potential carriers of transboundary animal diseases, and where it would be useful to determine the origins of the carrier, e.g., Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and its dissemination by wild water fowl. Other applications could be in monitoring sequestered microbial culture (e.g., rinderpest virus) where in the case of accidental or deliberate release of infective culture it would be possible to identify the laboratory from which the isolate originated. Springer Netherlands 2012-01-28 2012 /pmc/articles/PMC3433664/ /pubmed/22286376 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0077-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Viljoen, Gerrit J.
Luckins, Antony G.
The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review
title The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review
title_full The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review
title_fullStr The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review
title_full_unstemmed The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review
title_short The role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review
title_sort role of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and control of livestock diseases—a review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3433664/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22286376
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0077-5
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