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Miiuy Croaker Transferrin Gene and Evidence for Positive Selection Events Reveal Different Evolutionary Patterns
Transferrin (TF) is a protein that plays a central role in iron metabolism. This protein is associated with the innate immune system, which is responsible for disease defense responses after bacterial infection. The clear link between TF and the immune defense mechanism has led researchers to consid...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3434209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22957037 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043936 |
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author | Sun, Yueyan Zhu, Zhihuang Wang, Rixin Sun, Yuena Xu, Tianjun |
author_facet | Sun, Yueyan Zhu, Zhihuang Wang, Rixin Sun, Yuena Xu, Tianjun |
author_sort | Sun, Yueyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Transferrin (TF) is a protein that plays a central role in iron metabolism. This protein is associated with the innate immune system, which is responsible for disease defense responses after bacterial infection. The clear link between TF and the immune defense mechanism has led researchers to consider TF as a candidate gene for disease resistance. In this study, the Miichthys miiuy (miiuy croaker) TF gene (MIMI-TF) was cloned and characterized. The gene structure consisted of a coding region of 2070 nucleotides divided into 17 exons, as well as a non-coding region that included 16 introns and spans 6757 nucleotides. The deduced MIMI-TF protein consisted of 689 amino acids that comprised a signal peptide and two lobes (N- and C-lobes). MIMI-TF expression was significantly up-regulated after infection with Vibrio anguillarum. A series of model tests implemented in the CODEML program showed that TF underwent a complex evolutionary process. Branch-site models revealed that vertebrate TF was vastly different from that of invertebrates, and that the TF of the ancestors of aquatic and terrestrial organisms underwent different selection pressures. The site models detected 10 positively selected sites in extant TF genes. One site was located in the cleft between the N1 and N2 domains and was expected to affect the capability of TF to bind to or release iron indirectly. In addition, eight sites were found near the TF exterior. Two of these sites, which could have evolved from the competition for iron between pathogenic bacteria and TF, were located in potential pathogen-binding domains. Our results could be used to further investigate the function of TF and the selective mechanisms involved. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3434209 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34342092012-09-06 Miiuy Croaker Transferrin Gene and Evidence for Positive Selection Events Reveal Different Evolutionary Patterns Sun, Yueyan Zhu, Zhihuang Wang, Rixin Sun, Yuena Xu, Tianjun PLoS One Research Article Transferrin (TF) is a protein that plays a central role in iron metabolism. This protein is associated with the innate immune system, which is responsible for disease defense responses after bacterial infection. The clear link between TF and the immune defense mechanism has led researchers to consider TF as a candidate gene for disease resistance. In this study, the Miichthys miiuy (miiuy croaker) TF gene (MIMI-TF) was cloned and characterized. The gene structure consisted of a coding region of 2070 nucleotides divided into 17 exons, as well as a non-coding region that included 16 introns and spans 6757 nucleotides. The deduced MIMI-TF protein consisted of 689 amino acids that comprised a signal peptide and two lobes (N- and C-lobes). MIMI-TF expression was significantly up-regulated after infection with Vibrio anguillarum. A series of model tests implemented in the CODEML program showed that TF underwent a complex evolutionary process. Branch-site models revealed that vertebrate TF was vastly different from that of invertebrates, and that the TF of the ancestors of aquatic and terrestrial organisms underwent different selection pressures. The site models detected 10 positively selected sites in extant TF genes. One site was located in the cleft between the N1 and N2 domains and was expected to affect the capability of TF to bind to or release iron indirectly. In addition, eight sites were found near the TF exterior. Two of these sites, which could have evolved from the competition for iron between pathogenic bacteria and TF, were located in potential pathogen-binding domains. Our results could be used to further investigate the function of TF and the selective mechanisms involved. Public Library of Science 2012-09-05 /pmc/articles/PMC3434209/ /pubmed/22957037 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043936 Text en © 2012 Sun et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Sun, Yueyan Zhu, Zhihuang Wang, Rixin Sun, Yuena Xu, Tianjun Miiuy Croaker Transferrin Gene and Evidence for Positive Selection Events Reveal Different Evolutionary Patterns |
title | Miiuy Croaker Transferrin Gene and Evidence for Positive Selection Events Reveal Different Evolutionary Patterns |
title_full | Miiuy Croaker Transferrin Gene and Evidence for Positive Selection Events Reveal Different Evolutionary Patterns |
title_fullStr | Miiuy Croaker Transferrin Gene and Evidence for Positive Selection Events Reveal Different Evolutionary Patterns |
title_full_unstemmed | Miiuy Croaker Transferrin Gene and Evidence for Positive Selection Events Reveal Different Evolutionary Patterns |
title_short | Miiuy Croaker Transferrin Gene and Evidence for Positive Selection Events Reveal Different Evolutionary Patterns |
title_sort | miiuy croaker transferrin gene and evidence for positive selection events reveal different evolutionary patterns |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3434209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22957037 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043936 |
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