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Blocking Retinal Chloride Co-Transporters KCC2 and NKCC: Impact on Direction Selective ON and OFF Responses in the Rat’s Nucleus of the Optic Tract
In the present study we investigated in vivo the effects of pharmacological manipulation of retinal processing on the response properties of direction selective retinal slip cells in the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus (NOT-DTN), the key visuomotor interface in the pathway und...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435285/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22970298 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044724 |
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author | Spoida, Katharina Distler, Claudia Trampe, Anne-Kathrin Hoffmann, Klaus-Peter |
author_facet | Spoida, Katharina Distler, Claudia Trampe, Anne-Kathrin Hoffmann, Klaus-Peter |
author_sort | Spoida, Katharina |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the present study we investigated in vivo the effects of pharmacological manipulation of retinal processing on the response properties of direction selective retinal slip cells in the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus (NOT-DTN), the key visuomotor interface in the pathway underlying the optokinetic reflex. Employing a moving visual stimulus consisting of either a large dark or light edge we could differentiate direction selective ON and OFF responses in retinal slip cells. To disclose the origin of the retinal slip cells' unexpected OFF response we selectively blocked the retinal ON channels and inactivated the visual cortex by cooling. Cortical cooling had no effect on the direction selectivity of the ON or the OFF response in NOT-DTN retinal slip cells. Blockade of the retinal ON channel with APB led to a loss of the ON and, to a lesser degree, of the OFF response and a reduction in direction selectivity. Subsequent blocking of GABA receptors in the retina with picrotoxin unmasked a vigorous albeit direction unselective OFF response in the NOT-DTN. Disturbing the retinal chloride homeostasis by intraocular injections of bumetanide or furosemide led to a loss of direction selectivity in both the NOT-DTN's ON and the OFF response due to a reduced response in the neuron's preferred direction under bumetanide as well as under furosemide and a slightly increased response in the null direction under bumetanide. Our results indicate that the direction specificity of retinal slip cells in the NOT-DTN of the rat strongly depends on direction selective retinal input which depends on intraretinal chloride homeostasis. On top of the well established input from ON center direction selective ganglion cells we could demonstrate an equally effective input from the retinal OFF system to the NOT-DTN. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3435285 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34352852012-09-11 Blocking Retinal Chloride Co-Transporters KCC2 and NKCC: Impact on Direction Selective ON and OFF Responses in the Rat’s Nucleus of the Optic Tract Spoida, Katharina Distler, Claudia Trampe, Anne-Kathrin Hoffmann, Klaus-Peter PLoS One Research Article In the present study we investigated in vivo the effects of pharmacological manipulation of retinal processing on the response properties of direction selective retinal slip cells in the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus (NOT-DTN), the key visuomotor interface in the pathway underlying the optokinetic reflex. Employing a moving visual stimulus consisting of either a large dark or light edge we could differentiate direction selective ON and OFF responses in retinal slip cells. To disclose the origin of the retinal slip cells' unexpected OFF response we selectively blocked the retinal ON channels and inactivated the visual cortex by cooling. Cortical cooling had no effect on the direction selectivity of the ON or the OFF response in NOT-DTN retinal slip cells. Blockade of the retinal ON channel with APB led to a loss of the ON and, to a lesser degree, of the OFF response and a reduction in direction selectivity. Subsequent blocking of GABA receptors in the retina with picrotoxin unmasked a vigorous albeit direction unselective OFF response in the NOT-DTN. Disturbing the retinal chloride homeostasis by intraocular injections of bumetanide or furosemide led to a loss of direction selectivity in both the NOT-DTN's ON and the OFF response due to a reduced response in the neuron's preferred direction under bumetanide as well as under furosemide and a slightly increased response in the null direction under bumetanide. Our results indicate that the direction specificity of retinal slip cells in the NOT-DTN of the rat strongly depends on direction selective retinal input which depends on intraretinal chloride homeostasis. On top of the well established input from ON center direction selective ganglion cells we could demonstrate an equally effective input from the retinal OFF system to the NOT-DTN. Public Library of Science 2012-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3435285/ /pubmed/22970298 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044724 Text en © 2012 Spoida et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Spoida, Katharina Distler, Claudia Trampe, Anne-Kathrin Hoffmann, Klaus-Peter Blocking Retinal Chloride Co-Transporters KCC2 and NKCC: Impact on Direction Selective ON and OFF Responses in the Rat’s Nucleus of the Optic Tract |
title | Blocking Retinal Chloride Co-Transporters KCC2 and NKCC: Impact on Direction Selective ON and OFF Responses in the Rat’s Nucleus of the Optic Tract |
title_full | Blocking Retinal Chloride Co-Transporters KCC2 and NKCC: Impact on Direction Selective ON and OFF Responses in the Rat’s Nucleus of the Optic Tract |
title_fullStr | Blocking Retinal Chloride Co-Transporters KCC2 and NKCC: Impact on Direction Selective ON and OFF Responses in the Rat’s Nucleus of the Optic Tract |
title_full_unstemmed | Blocking Retinal Chloride Co-Transporters KCC2 and NKCC: Impact on Direction Selective ON and OFF Responses in the Rat’s Nucleus of the Optic Tract |
title_short | Blocking Retinal Chloride Co-Transporters KCC2 and NKCC: Impact on Direction Selective ON and OFF Responses in the Rat’s Nucleus of the Optic Tract |
title_sort | blocking retinal chloride co-transporters kcc2 and nkcc: impact on direction selective on and off responses in the rat’s nucleus of the optic tract |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435285/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22970298 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044724 |
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