Analysis of 303 Road Traffic Accident Victims Seen Dead on Arrival at Emergency Room-Assir Central Hospital

BACKGROUND: Although Rood Traffic Accident (RTA) is a noticeable common cause of death in Saudi Arabia, there is no published data showing the relative frequency of this disease as a cause of death. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study attempted to find out the relative frequency of RTA as a cause of death. Also, to identify age groups at risk as well as make some inferences from the different types of injuries seen. METHODOLOGY: In a period of over a four and half years, 574 patients were seen dead on arrival at the Emergency Department of Assir Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Of these, 303 (52.8%) were victims of RTA. RESULTS: The 303 victims revealed a male to female ratio of 14:1, Saudi nationals of 69% and age range of 3 months - 85 years (mean = 34.25 years). The peak age group was between 21 and 49 years and the peak period of presentation at the Emergency Department was between 12:00 noon and 18:00 hours. The month of ten in Hegira Calendar represented the peak period; a significant (P<0.05) seasonal variations was also seen, summer being the highest. Clinical assessment of the victims revealed that head and neck injuries were the commonest followed by chest injuries. CONCLUSION: RTA is the primary cause of death among dead on arrival cases affecting the most active and productive age group. The study recommended the implementation of pre -hospital emergency medical system.