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Default Positions: How Neuroscience’s Historical Legacy has Hampered Investigation of the Resting Mind

The puzzle of the brain and mind at rest – their so-called default state – is strongly influenced by the historical precedents that led to its emergence as a scientific question. What eventually became the default-mode network (DMN) was inaugurated via meta-analysis to explain the observation that t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Callard, Felicity, Smallwood, Jonathan, Margulies, Daniel S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Research Foundation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437462/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22973252
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00321
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author Callard, Felicity
Smallwood, Jonathan
Margulies, Daniel S.
author_facet Callard, Felicity
Smallwood, Jonathan
Margulies, Daniel S.
author_sort Callard, Felicity
collection PubMed
description The puzzle of the brain and mind at rest – their so-called default state – is strongly influenced by the historical precedents that led to its emergence as a scientific question. What eventually became the default-mode network (DMN) was inaugurated via meta-analysis to explain the observation that the baseline “at rest” condition was concealing a pattern of neural activations in anterior and posterior midline brain regions that were not commonly seen in external-task-driven experiments. One reason why these activations have puzzled scientists is because psychology and cognitive neuroscience have historically been focused on paradigms built around external tasks, and so lacked the scientific and theoretical tools to interpret the cognitive functions of the DMN. This externally-focused bias led to the erroneous assumption that the DMN is the primary neural system active at rest, as well as the assumption that this network serves non-goal-directed functions. Although cognitive neuroscience now embraces the need to decode the meaning of self-generated neural activity, a more deliberate and comprehensive framework will be needed before the puzzle of the wandering mind can be laid to rest.
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spelling pubmed-34374622012-09-12 Default Positions: How Neuroscience’s Historical Legacy has Hampered Investigation of the Resting Mind Callard, Felicity Smallwood, Jonathan Margulies, Daniel S. Front Psychol Psychology The puzzle of the brain and mind at rest – their so-called default state – is strongly influenced by the historical precedents that led to its emergence as a scientific question. What eventually became the default-mode network (DMN) was inaugurated via meta-analysis to explain the observation that the baseline “at rest” condition was concealing a pattern of neural activations in anterior and posterior midline brain regions that were not commonly seen in external-task-driven experiments. One reason why these activations have puzzled scientists is because psychology and cognitive neuroscience have historically been focused on paradigms built around external tasks, and so lacked the scientific and theoretical tools to interpret the cognitive functions of the DMN. This externally-focused bias led to the erroneous assumption that the DMN is the primary neural system active at rest, as well as the assumption that this network serves non-goal-directed functions. Although cognitive neuroscience now embraces the need to decode the meaning of self-generated neural activity, a more deliberate and comprehensive framework will be needed before the puzzle of the wandering mind can be laid to rest. Frontiers Research Foundation 2012-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3437462/ /pubmed/22973252 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00321 Text en Copyright © 2012 Callard, Smallwood and Margulies. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
spellingShingle Psychology
Callard, Felicity
Smallwood, Jonathan
Margulies, Daniel S.
Default Positions: How Neuroscience’s Historical Legacy has Hampered Investigation of the Resting Mind
title Default Positions: How Neuroscience’s Historical Legacy has Hampered Investigation of the Resting Mind
title_full Default Positions: How Neuroscience’s Historical Legacy has Hampered Investigation of the Resting Mind
title_fullStr Default Positions: How Neuroscience’s Historical Legacy has Hampered Investigation of the Resting Mind
title_full_unstemmed Default Positions: How Neuroscience’s Historical Legacy has Hampered Investigation of the Resting Mind
title_short Default Positions: How Neuroscience’s Historical Legacy has Hampered Investigation of the Resting Mind
title_sort default positions: how neuroscience’s historical legacy has hampered investigation of the resting mind
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437462/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22973252
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00321
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