Cargando…

Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles gambiae, in Bomi County, Liberia, Compromises Malaria Vector Control

BACKGROUND: Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) have both proven to be effective malaria vector control strategies in Africa and the new technology of insecticide treated durable wall lining (DL) is being evaluated. Sustaining these interventions at high coverage...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Temu, Emmanuel A., Maxwell, Caroline, Munyekenye, Godwil, Howard, Annabel F. V., Munga, Stephen, Avicor, Silas W., Poupardin, Rodolphe, Jones, Joel J., Allan, Richard, Kleinschmidt, Immo, Ranson, Hilary
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3441723/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23028724
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044986
_version_ 1782243359542214656
author Temu, Emmanuel A.
Maxwell, Caroline
Munyekenye, Godwil
Howard, Annabel F. V.
Munga, Stephen
Avicor, Silas W.
Poupardin, Rodolphe
Jones, Joel J.
Allan, Richard
Kleinschmidt, Immo
Ranson, Hilary
author_facet Temu, Emmanuel A.
Maxwell, Caroline
Munyekenye, Godwil
Howard, Annabel F. V.
Munga, Stephen
Avicor, Silas W.
Poupardin, Rodolphe
Jones, Joel J.
Allan, Richard
Kleinschmidt, Immo
Ranson, Hilary
author_sort Temu, Emmanuel A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) have both proven to be effective malaria vector control strategies in Africa and the new technology of insecticide treated durable wall lining (DL) is being evaluated. Sustaining these interventions at high coverage levels is logistically challenging and, furthermore, the increase in insecticide resistance in African malaria vectors may reduce the efficacy of these chemical based interventions. Monitoring of vector populations and evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide based control approaches should be integral components of malaria control programmes. This study reports on entomological survey conducted in 2011 in Bomi County, Liberia. METHODS: Anopheles gambiae larvae were collected from four sites in Bomi, Liberia, and reared in a field insectary. Two to five days old female adult An gambiae s.l. were tested using WHO tube (n = 2027) and cone (n = 580) bioassays in houses treated with DL or IRS. A sample of mosquitoes (n = 169) were identified to species/molecular form and screened for the presence of knock down resistance (kdr) alleles associated with pyrethroid resistance. RESULTS: Anopheles gambiae s.l tested were resistant to deltamethrin but fully susceptible to bendiocarb and fenithrothion. The corrected mortality of local mosquitoes exposed to houses treated with deltamethrin either via IRS or DL was 12% and 59% respectively, suggesting that resistance may affect the efficacy of these interventions. The presence of pyrethroid resistance was associated with a high frequency of the 1014F kdr allele (90.5%) although this mutation alone cannot explain the resistance levels observed. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of resistance to deltamethrin in Bomi County may reduce the efficacy of malaria strategies relying on this class of insecticide. The findings highlight the urgent need to expand and sustain monitoring of insecticide resistance in Liberian malaria vectors, evaluate the effectiveness of existing interventions and develop appropriate resistance management strategies.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3441723
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2012
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-34417232012-10-01 Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles gambiae, in Bomi County, Liberia, Compromises Malaria Vector Control Temu, Emmanuel A. Maxwell, Caroline Munyekenye, Godwil Howard, Annabel F. V. Munga, Stephen Avicor, Silas W. Poupardin, Rodolphe Jones, Joel J. Allan, Richard Kleinschmidt, Immo Ranson, Hilary PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) have both proven to be effective malaria vector control strategies in Africa and the new technology of insecticide treated durable wall lining (DL) is being evaluated. Sustaining these interventions at high coverage levels is logistically challenging and, furthermore, the increase in insecticide resistance in African malaria vectors may reduce the efficacy of these chemical based interventions. Monitoring of vector populations and evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide based control approaches should be integral components of malaria control programmes. This study reports on entomological survey conducted in 2011 in Bomi County, Liberia. METHODS: Anopheles gambiae larvae were collected from four sites in Bomi, Liberia, and reared in a field insectary. Two to five days old female adult An gambiae s.l. were tested using WHO tube (n = 2027) and cone (n = 580) bioassays in houses treated with DL or IRS. A sample of mosquitoes (n = 169) were identified to species/molecular form and screened for the presence of knock down resistance (kdr) alleles associated with pyrethroid resistance. RESULTS: Anopheles gambiae s.l tested were resistant to deltamethrin but fully susceptible to bendiocarb and fenithrothion. The corrected mortality of local mosquitoes exposed to houses treated with deltamethrin either via IRS or DL was 12% and 59% respectively, suggesting that resistance may affect the efficacy of these interventions. The presence of pyrethroid resistance was associated with a high frequency of the 1014F kdr allele (90.5%) although this mutation alone cannot explain the resistance levels observed. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of resistance to deltamethrin in Bomi County may reduce the efficacy of malaria strategies relying on this class of insecticide. The findings highlight the urgent need to expand and sustain monitoring of insecticide resistance in Liberian malaria vectors, evaluate the effectiveness of existing interventions and develop appropriate resistance management strategies. Public Library of Science 2012-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC3441723/ /pubmed/23028724 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044986 Text en © 2012 Temu et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Temu, Emmanuel A.
Maxwell, Caroline
Munyekenye, Godwil
Howard, Annabel F. V.
Munga, Stephen
Avicor, Silas W.
Poupardin, Rodolphe
Jones, Joel J.
Allan, Richard
Kleinschmidt, Immo
Ranson, Hilary
Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles gambiae, in Bomi County, Liberia, Compromises Malaria Vector Control
title Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles gambiae, in Bomi County, Liberia, Compromises Malaria Vector Control
title_full Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles gambiae, in Bomi County, Liberia, Compromises Malaria Vector Control
title_fullStr Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles gambiae, in Bomi County, Liberia, Compromises Malaria Vector Control
title_full_unstemmed Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles gambiae, in Bomi County, Liberia, Compromises Malaria Vector Control
title_short Pyrethroid Resistance in Anopheles gambiae, in Bomi County, Liberia, Compromises Malaria Vector Control
title_sort pyrethroid resistance in anopheles gambiae, in bomi county, liberia, compromises malaria vector control
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3441723/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23028724
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044986
work_keys_str_mv AT temuemmanuela pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol
AT maxwellcaroline pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol
AT munyekenyegodwil pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol
AT howardannabelfv pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol
AT mungastephen pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol
AT avicorsilasw pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol
AT poupardinrodolphe pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol
AT jonesjoelj pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol
AT allanrichard pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol
AT kleinschmidtimmo pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol
AT ransonhilary pyrethroidresistanceinanophelesgambiaeinbomicountyliberiacompromisesmalariavectorcontrol