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Base on balls for the Chapman strategy: Reassessing Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (2002)

A true understanding of skilled behavior includes the identification of the information that underlies the perception–action cycle at work. Often, observers’ sensitivity to perceptual variables is established in laboratory-situated simulation-based psychophysical experiments. The observers’ sensitiv...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zaal, Frank T. J. M., Bongers, Raoul M., Pepping, Gert-Jan, Bootsma, Reinoud J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer-Verlag 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3447139/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723014
http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0328-6
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author Zaal, Frank T. J. M.
Bongers, Raoul M.
Pepping, Gert-Jan
Bootsma, Reinoud J.
author_facet Zaal, Frank T. J. M.
Bongers, Raoul M.
Pepping, Gert-Jan
Bootsma, Reinoud J.
author_sort Zaal, Frank T. J. M.
collection PubMed
description A true understanding of skilled behavior includes the identification of the information that underlies the perception–action cycle at work. Often, observers’ sensitivity to perceptual variables is established in laboratory-situated simulation-based psychophysical experiments. The observers’ sensitivity thus determined is then used to draw conclusions that will generalize the findings to natural behavior. Focusing on the example of running to catch fly balls, the present contribution takes the study of Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160–1168, 2002) to illustrate how common assumptions in the steps from psychophysical experiments to natural behavior can result in ungrounded conclusions. These authors built an argument to reject the use of the Chapman strategy of zeroing out optical acceleration. For this argument, they determined the sensitivity of the visual system to acceleration, assuming that acceleration is detected as a velocity ratio. Next, they showed that catchers started running earlier than could be expected on the basis of sensitivity thresholds for this velocity ratio, concluding that running initiation could not have been based on optical acceleration. In the present study, we argue that important assumptions in the Brouwer et al. (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160–1168, 2002) line of argument are incorrect. First, we show how the assumption of parabolic ball flight trajectories, although convenient, biased Brouwer et al.’s (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160–1168, 2002) conclusion. Next, we present an experiment revealing that observers do not base their judgments of acceleration on the velocity ratio. Thus, we demonstrate that Brouwer et al.’s (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160–1168, 2002) argument that optical acceleration cannot serve as the information for running to catch fly balls does not hold.
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spelling pubmed-34471392012-09-27 Base on balls for the Chapman strategy: Reassessing Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (2002) Zaal, Frank T. J. M. Bongers, Raoul M. Pepping, Gert-Jan Bootsma, Reinoud J. Atten Percept Psychophys Article A true understanding of skilled behavior includes the identification of the information that underlies the perception–action cycle at work. Often, observers’ sensitivity to perceptual variables is established in laboratory-situated simulation-based psychophysical experiments. The observers’ sensitivity thus determined is then used to draw conclusions that will generalize the findings to natural behavior. Focusing on the example of running to catch fly balls, the present contribution takes the study of Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160–1168, 2002) to illustrate how common assumptions in the steps from psychophysical experiments to natural behavior can result in ungrounded conclusions. These authors built an argument to reject the use of the Chapman strategy of zeroing out optical acceleration. For this argument, they determined the sensitivity of the visual system to acceleration, assuming that acceleration is detected as a velocity ratio. Next, they showed that catchers started running earlier than could be expected on the basis of sensitivity thresholds for this velocity ratio, concluding that running initiation could not have been based on optical acceleration. In the present study, we argue that important assumptions in the Brouwer et al. (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160–1168, 2002) line of argument are incorrect. First, we show how the assumption of parabolic ball flight trajectories, although convenient, biased Brouwer et al.’s (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160–1168, 2002) conclusion. Next, we present an experiment revealing that observers do not base their judgments of acceleration on the velocity ratio. Thus, we demonstrate that Brouwer et al.’s (Perception & Psychophysics 64:1160–1168, 2002) argument that optical acceleration cannot serve as the information for running to catch fly balls does not hold. Springer-Verlag 2012-06-22 2012 /pmc/articles/PMC3447139/ /pubmed/22723014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0328-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
spellingShingle Article
Zaal, Frank T. J. M.
Bongers, Raoul M.
Pepping, Gert-Jan
Bootsma, Reinoud J.
Base on balls for the Chapman strategy: Reassessing Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (2002)
title Base on balls for the Chapman strategy: Reassessing Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (2002)
title_full Base on balls for the Chapman strategy: Reassessing Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (2002)
title_fullStr Base on balls for the Chapman strategy: Reassessing Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (2002)
title_full_unstemmed Base on balls for the Chapman strategy: Reassessing Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (2002)
title_short Base on balls for the Chapman strategy: Reassessing Brouwer, Brenner, and Smeets (2002)
title_sort base on balls for the chapman strategy: reassessing brouwer, brenner, and smeets (2002)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3447139/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723014
http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0328-6
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