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The Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion Ligand Pfrh4 as a Target of Functional and Protective Human Antibodies against Malaria
BACKGROUND: Acquired antibodies are important in human immunity to malaria, but key targets remain largely unknown. Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding-homologue-4 (PfRh4) is important for invasion of human erythrocytes and may therefore be a target of protective immunity. METHODS: IgG and Ig...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3447948/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23028883 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045253 |
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author | Reiling, Linda Richards, Jack S. Fowkes, Freya J. I. Wilson, Danny W. Chokejindachai, Watcharee Barry, Alyssa E. Tham, Wai-Hong Stubbs, Janine Langer, Christine Donelson, John Michon, Pascal Tavul, Livingstone Crabb, Brendan S. Siba, Peter M. Cowman, Alan F. Mueller, Ivo Beeson, James G. |
author_facet | Reiling, Linda Richards, Jack S. Fowkes, Freya J. I. Wilson, Danny W. Chokejindachai, Watcharee Barry, Alyssa E. Tham, Wai-Hong Stubbs, Janine Langer, Christine Donelson, John Michon, Pascal Tavul, Livingstone Crabb, Brendan S. Siba, Peter M. Cowman, Alan F. Mueller, Ivo Beeson, James G. |
author_sort | Reiling, Linda |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Acquired antibodies are important in human immunity to malaria, but key targets remain largely unknown. Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding-homologue-4 (PfRh4) is important for invasion of human erythrocytes and may therefore be a target of protective immunity. METHODS: IgG and IgG subclass-specific responses against different regions of PfRh4 were determined in a longitudinal cohort of 206 children in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Human PfRh4 antibodies were tested for functional invasion-inhibitory activity, and expression of PfRh4 by P. falciparum isolates and sequence polymorphisms were determined. RESULTS: Antibodies to PfRh4 were acquired by children exposed to P. falciparum malaria, were predominantly comprised of IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, and were associated with increasing age and active parasitemia. High levels of antibodies, particularly IgG3, were strongly predictive of protection against clinical malaria and high-density parasitemia. Human affinity-purified antibodies to the binding region of PfRh4 effectively inhibited erythrocyte invasion by P. falciparum merozoites and antibody levels in protected children were at functionally-active concentrations. Although expression of PfRh4 can vary, PfRh4 protein was expressed by most isolates derived from the cohort and showed limited sequence polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that PfRh4 is a target of antibodies that contribute to protective immunity to malaria by inhibiting erythrocyte invasion and preventing high density parasitemia. These findings advance our understanding of the targets and mechanisms of human immunity and evaluating the potential of PfRh4 as a component of candidate malaria vaccines. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3447948 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34479482012-10-01 The Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion Ligand Pfrh4 as a Target of Functional and Protective Human Antibodies against Malaria Reiling, Linda Richards, Jack S. Fowkes, Freya J. I. Wilson, Danny W. Chokejindachai, Watcharee Barry, Alyssa E. Tham, Wai-Hong Stubbs, Janine Langer, Christine Donelson, John Michon, Pascal Tavul, Livingstone Crabb, Brendan S. Siba, Peter M. Cowman, Alan F. Mueller, Ivo Beeson, James G. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Acquired antibodies are important in human immunity to malaria, but key targets remain largely unknown. Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding-homologue-4 (PfRh4) is important for invasion of human erythrocytes and may therefore be a target of protective immunity. METHODS: IgG and IgG subclass-specific responses against different regions of PfRh4 were determined in a longitudinal cohort of 206 children in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Human PfRh4 antibodies were tested for functional invasion-inhibitory activity, and expression of PfRh4 by P. falciparum isolates and sequence polymorphisms were determined. RESULTS: Antibodies to PfRh4 were acquired by children exposed to P. falciparum malaria, were predominantly comprised of IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, and were associated with increasing age and active parasitemia. High levels of antibodies, particularly IgG3, were strongly predictive of protection against clinical malaria and high-density parasitemia. Human affinity-purified antibodies to the binding region of PfRh4 effectively inhibited erythrocyte invasion by P. falciparum merozoites and antibody levels in protected children were at functionally-active concentrations. Although expression of PfRh4 can vary, PfRh4 protein was expressed by most isolates derived from the cohort and showed limited sequence polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests that PfRh4 is a target of antibodies that contribute to protective immunity to malaria by inhibiting erythrocyte invasion and preventing high density parasitemia. These findings advance our understanding of the targets and mechanisms of human immunity and evaluating the potential of PfRh4 as a component of candidate malaria vaccines. Public Library of Science 2012-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3447948/ /pubmed/23028883 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045253 Text en © 2012 Reiling et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Reiling, Linda Richards, Jack S. Fowkes, Freya J. I. Wilson, Danny W. Chokejindachai, Watcharee Barry, Alyssa E. Tham, Wai-Hong Stubbs, Janine Langer, Christine Donelson, John Michon, Pascal Tavul, Livingstone Crabb, Brendan S. Siba, Peter M. Cowman, Alan F. Mueller, Ivo Beeson, James G. The Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion Ligand Pfrh4 as a Target of Functional and Protective Human Antibodies against Malaria |
title | The Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion Ligand Pfrh4 as a Target of Functional and Protective Human Antibodies against Malaria |
title_full | The Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion Ligand Pfrh4 as a Target of Functional and Protective Human Antibodies against Malaria |
title_fullStr | The Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion Ligand Pfrh4 as a Target of Functional and Protective Human Antibodies against Malaria |
title_full_unstemmed | The Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion Ligand Pfrh4 as a Target of Functional and Protective Human Antibodies against Malaria |
title_short | The Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion Ligand Pfrh4 as a Target of Functional and Protective Human Antibodies against Malaria |
title_sort | plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte invasion ligand pfrh4 as a target of functional and protective human antibodies against malaria |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3447948/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23028883 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045253 |
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