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Response to Hyperosmotic Stress
An appropriate response and adaptation to hyperosmolarity, i.e., an external osmolarity that is higher than the physiological range, can be a matter of life or death for all cells. It is especially important for free-living organisms such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When exposed to hypero...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Genetics Society of America
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3454867/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23028184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.112.140863 |
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author | Saito, Haruo Posas, Francesc |
author_facet | Saito, Haruo Posas, Francesc |
author_sort | Saito, Haruo |
collection | PubMed |
description | An appropriate response and adaptation to hyperosmolarity, i.e., an external osmolarity that is higher than the physiological range, can be a matter of life or death for all cells. It is especially important for free-living organisms such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When exposed to hyperosmotic stress, the yeast initiates a complex adaptive program that includes temporary arrest of cell-cycle progression, adjustment of transcription and translation patterns, and the synthesis and retention of the compatible osmolyte glycerol. These adaptive responses are mostly governed by the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, which is composed of membrane-associated osmosensors, an intracellular signaling pathway whose core is the Hog1 MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade, and cytoplasmic and nuclear effector functions. The entire pathway is conserved in diverse fungal species, while the Hog1 MAPK cascade is conserved even in higher eukaryotes including humans. This conservation is illustrated by the fact that the mammalian stress-responsive p38 MAPK can rescue the osmosensitivity of hog1Δ mutations in response to hyperosmotic challenge. As the HOG pathway is one of the best-understood eukaryotic signal transduction pathways, it is useful not only as a model for analysis of osmostress responses, but also as a model for mathematical analysis of signal transduction pathways. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding of both the upstream signaling mechanism and the downstream adaptive responses to hyperosmotic stress in yeast. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3454867 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Genetics Society of America |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34548672012-10-03 Response to Hyperosmotic Stress Saito, Haruo Posas, Francesc Genetics YeastBook An appropriate response and adaptation to hyperosmolarity, i.e., an external osmolarity that is higher than the physiological range, can be a matter of life or death for all cells. It is especially important for free-living organisms such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When exposed to hyperosmotic stress, the yeast initiates a complex adaptive program that includes temporary arrest of cell-cycle progression, adjustment of transcription and translation patterns, and the synthesis and retention of the compatible osmolyte glycerol. These adaptive responses are mostly governed by the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, which is composed of membrane-associated osmosensors, an intracellular signaling pathway whose core is the Hog1 MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade, and cytoplasmic and nuclear effector functions. The entire pathway is conserved in diverse fungal species, while the Hog1 MAPK cascade is conserved even in higher eukaryotes including humans. This conservation is illustrated by the fact that the mammalian stress-responsive p38 MAPK can rescue the osmosensitivity of hog1Δ mutations in response to hyperosmotic challenge. As the HOG pathway is one of the best-understood eukaryotic signal transduction pathways, it is useful not only as a model for analysis of osmostress responses, but also as a model for mathematical analysis of signal transduction pathways. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding of both the upstream signaling mechanism and the downstream adaptive responses to hyperosmotic stress in yeast. Genetics Society of America 2012-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3454867/ /pubmed/23028184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.112.140863 Text en Copyright © 2012 by the Genetics Society of America Available freely online through the author-supported open access option. |
spellingShingle | YeastBook Saito, Haruo Posas, Francesc Response to Hyperosmotic Stress |
title | Response to Hyperosmotic Stress |
title_full | Response to Hyperosmotic Stress |
title_fullStr | Response to Hyperosmotic Stress |
title_full_unstemmed | Response to Hyperosmotic Stress |
title_short | Response to Hyperosmotic Stress |
title_sort | response to hyperosmotic stress |
topic | YeastBook |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3454867/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23028184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.112.140863 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT saitoharuo responsetohyperosmoticstress AT posasfrancesc responsetohyperosmoticstress |