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Investigations into Potential Extrasynaptic Communication between the Dopaminergic and Nitrergic Systems

Nitric oxide is unconstrained by cell membranes and can therefore act along a broad distance as a volume transmitter. Spillover of nitric oxide between neurons may have a major impact on central nervous system diseases and particularly on neurodegeneration. There is evidence whereby communication be...

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Autores principales: Mitkovski, M., Padovan-Neto, F. E., Raisman-Vozari, R., Ginestet, L., da-Silva, C. A., Del-Bel, E. A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Research Foundation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3457048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055978
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00372
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author Mitkovski, M.
Padovan-Neto, F. E.
Raisman-Vozari, R.
Ginestet, L.
da-Silva, C. A.
Del-Bel, E. A.
author_facet Mitkovski, M.
Padovan-Neto, F. E.
Raisman-Vozari, R.
Ginestet, L.
da-Silva, C. A.
Del-Bel, E. A.
author_sort Mitkovski, M.
collection PubMed
description Nitric oxide is unconstrained by cell membranes and can therefore act along a broad distance as a volume transmitter. Spillover of nitric oxide between neurons may have a major impact on central nervous system diseases and particularly on neurodegeneration. There is evidence whereby communication between nitrergic and dopaminergic systems plays an essential role in the control of the nigrostriatal pathway. However, there is sparse information for either the coexistence or overlap of nitric oxide and dopaminergic structures. The dual localization of immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and tyrosine hydroxylase, enzymes responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide and dopamine, respectively, was examined in neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in the rat brain by means of a double-immunohistochemical method and confocal laser scanning microscopy, acquired at the resolution limit. After perfusional fixation, the brains were cut and double-immunostained. A proximity analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and NOS structures was done using binary masks generated from the respective maximum projections, using confocal laser microscopy. Unrevealed regions were determined somatodendritic positive for both NOS and tyrosine hydroxylase, within an image limit resolution at 2 μm-wide margin. The described interconnected localization of nNOS(+) and TH(+) containing neuronal fibers and cells bodies in the nigrostriatal pathway propose a close anatomical link between the two neurotransmitters.
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spelling pubmed-34570482012-10-09 Investigations into Potential Extrasynaptic Communication between the Dopaminergic and Nitrergic Systems Mitkovski, M. Padovan-Neto, F. E. Raisman-Vozari, R. Ginestet, L. da-Silva, C. A. Del-Bel, E. A. Front Physiol Physiology Nitric oxide is unconstrained by cell membranes and can therefore act along a broad distance as a volume transmitter. Spillover of nitric oxide between neurons may have a major impact on central nervous system diseases and particularly on neurodegeneration. There is evidence whereby communication between nitrergic and dopaminergic systems plays an essential role in the control of the nigrostriatal pathway. However, there is sparse information for either the coexistence or overlap of nitric oxide and dopaminergic structures. The dual localization of immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and tyrosine hydroxylase, enzymes responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide and dopamine, respectively, was examined in neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in the rat brain by means of a double-immunohistochemical method and confocal laser scanning microscopy, acquired at the resolution limit. After perfusional fixation, the brains were cut and double-immunostained. A proximity analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and NOS structures was done using binary masks generated from the respective maximum projections, using confocal laser microscopy. Unrevealed regions were determined somatodendritic positive for both NOS and tyrosine hydroxylase, within an image limit resolution at 2 μm-wide margin. The described interconnected localization of nNOS(+) and TH(+) containing neuronal fibers and cells bodies in the nigrostriatal pathway propose a close anatomical link between the two neurotransmitters. Frontiers Research Foundation 2012-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC3457048/ /pubmed/23055978 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00372 Text en Copyright © 2012 Mitkovski, Padovan-Neto, Raisman-Vozari, Ginestet, da-Silva and Del-Bel. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
spellingShingle Physiology
Mitkovski, M.
Padovan-Neto, F. E.
Raisman-Vozari, R.
Ginestet, L.
da-Silva, C. A.
Del-Bel, E. A.
Investigations into Potential Extrasynaptic Communication between the Dopaminergic and Nitrergic Systems
title Investigations into Potential Extrasynaptic Communication between the Dopaminergic and Nitrergic Systems
title_full Investigations into Potential Extrasynaptic Communication between the Dopaminergic and Nitrergic Systems
title_fullStr Investigations into Potential Extrasynaptic Communication between the Dopaminergic and Nitrergic Systems
title_full_unstemmed Investigations into Potential Extrasynaptic Communication between the Dopaminergic and Nitrergic Systems
title_short Investigations into Potential Extrasynaptic Communication between the Dopaminergic and Nitrergic Systems
title_sort investigations into potential extrasynaptic communication between the dopaminergic and nitrergic systems
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3457048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055978
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00372
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