Saccadic eye movements evoked by optogenetic activation of primate V1

Optogenetics has advanced our understanding of the neural basis of simple behaviors in rodents and small animals. In primates, however, for which more sophisticated behavioral assays exist, optogenetic manipulations of behavior have been unsuccessful. Here, we report that monkeys reliably shift their gaze toward the receptive field of optically driven channelrhodopsin–2–expressing V1 neurons. This result establishes optogenetics as a viable tool for the causal analysis of behavior in primate brain.