Cargando…
Factors Associated with Leishmania Asymptomatic Infection: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Highland Northern Ethiopia
BACKGROUND: In northern Ethiopia the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis is steadily rising posing an increasing public health concern. In order to develop effective control strategies on the transmission of the disease it is important to generate knowledge on the epidemiological determinants of th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459849/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23029576 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001813 |
_version_ | 1782244866996043776 |
---|---|
author | Custodio, Estefanía Gadisa, Endalamaw Sordo, Luis Cruz, Israel Moreno, Javier Nieto, Javier Chicharro, Carmen Aseffa, Abraham Abraham, Zelalem Hailu, Tsegaye Cañavate, Carmen |
author_facet | Custodio, Estefanía Gadisa, Endalamaw Sordo, Luis Cruz, Israel Moreno, Javier Nieto, Javier Chicharro, Carmen Aseffa, Abraham Abraham, Zelalem Hailu, Tsegaye Cañavate, Carmen |
author_sort | Custodio, Estefanía |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In northern Ethiopia the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis is steadily rising posing an increasing public health concern. In order to develop effective control strategies on the transmission of the disease it is important to generate knowledge on the epidemiological determinants of the infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey on children 4–15 years of age using a multi staged stratified cluster sampling on high incidence sub-districts of Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. The survey included a socio-demographic, health and dietary questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements. We performed rK39-ICT and DAT serological tests in order to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies and carried out Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) using L.major antigen. Logistic regression models were used. Of the 565 children surveyed 56 children were positive to infection (9.9%). The individual variables that showed a positive association with infection were increasing age, being male and sleeping outside [adjusted odds ratios (95% CI): 1.15 (1.03, 1.29), 2.56 (1.19, 5.48) and 2.21 (1.03, 4.71) respectively] and in relation to the household: past history of VL in the family, living in a straw roofed house and if the family owned sheep [adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.92 (1.25, 6.81), 2.71 (1.21, 6.07) and 4.16 (1.41, 12.31) respectively]. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A behavioural pattern like sleeping outside is determinant in the transmission of the infection in this area. Protective measures should be implemented against this identified risk activity. Results also suggest a geographical clustering and a household focalization of the infection. The behaviour of the vector in the area needs to be clarified in order to establish the role of domestic animals and house materials in the transmission of the infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3459849 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34598492012-10-01 Factors Associated with Leishmania Asymptomatic Infection: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Highland Northern Ethiopia Custodio, Estefanía Gadisa, Endalamaw Sordo, Luis Cruz, Israel Moreno, Javier Nieto, Javier Chicharro, Carmen Aseffa, Abraham Abraham, Zelalem Hailu, Tsegaye Cañavate, Carmen PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: In northern Ethiopia the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis is steadily rising posing an increasing public health concern. In order to develop effective control strategies on the transmission of the disease it is important to generate knowledge on the epidemiological determinants of the infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey on children 4–15 years of age using a multi staged stratified cluster sampling on high incidence sub-districts of Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. The survey included a socio-demographic, health and dietary questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements. We performed rK39-ICT and DAT serological tests in order to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies and carried out Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) using L.major antigen. Logistic regression models were used. Of the 565 children surveyed 56 children were positive to infection (9.9%). The individual variables that showed a positive association with infection were increasing age, being male and sleeping outside [adjusted odds ratios (95% CI): 1.15 (1.03, 1.29), 2.56 (1.19, 5.48) and 2.21 (1.03, 4.71) respectively] and in relation to the household: past history of VL in the family, living in a straw roofed house and if the family owned sheep [adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.92 (1.25, 6.81), 2.71 (1.21, 6.07) and 4.16 (1.41, 12.31) respectively]. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A behavioural pattern like sleeping outside is determinant in the transmission of the infection in this area. Protective measures should be implemented against this identified risk activity. Results also suggest a geographical clustering and a household focalization of the infection. The behaviour of the vector in the area needs to be clarified in order to establish the role of domestic animals and house materials in the transmission of the infection. Public Library of Science 2012-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC3459849/ /pubmed/23029576 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001813 Text en © 2012 Custodio et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Custodio, Estefanía Gadisa, Endalamaw Sordo, Luis Cruz, Israel Moreno, Javier Nieto, Javier Chicharro, Carmen Aseffa, Abraham Abraham, Zelalem Hailu, Tsegaye Cañavate, Carmen Factors Associated with Leishmania Asymptomatic Infection: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Highland Northern Ethiopia |
title | Factors Associated with Leishmania Asymptomatic Infection: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Highland Northern Ethiopia |
title_full | Factors Associated with Leishmania Asymptomatic Infection: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Highland Northern Ethiopia |
title_fullStr | Factors Associated with Leishmania Asymptomatic Infection: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Highland Northern Ethiopia |
title_full_unstemmed | Factors Associated with Leishmania Asymptomatic Infection: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Highland Northern Ethiopia |
title_short | Factors Associated with Leishmania Asymptomatic Infection: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Highland Northern Ethiopia |
title_sort | factors associated with leishmania asymptomatic infection: results from a cross-sectional survey in highland northern ethiopia |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459849/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23029576 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001813 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT custodioestefania factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia AT gadisaendalamaw factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia AT sordoluis factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia AT cruzisrael factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia AT morenojavier factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia AT nietojavier factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia AT chicharrocarmen factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia AT aseffaabraham factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia AT abrahamzelalem factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia AT hailutsegaye factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia AT canavatecarmen factorsassociatedwithleishmaniaasymptomaticinfectionresultsfromacrosssectionalsurveyinhighlandnorthernethiopia |