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Comparison of Human and Animal Surveillance Data for H5N1 Influenza A in Egypt 2006–2011
BACKGROUND: The majority of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic (transmissible between animals and humans) in origin, and therefore integrated surveillance of disease events in humans and animals has been recommended to support effective global response to disease emergence. While in the past...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459960/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23028474 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043851 |
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author | Rabinowitz, Peter M. Galusha, Deron Vegso, Sally Michalove, Jennifer Rinne, Seppo Scotch, Matthew Kane, Michael |
author_facet | Rabinowitz, Peter M. Galusha, Deron Vegso, Sally Michalove, Jennifer Rinne, Seppo Scotch, Matthew Kane, Michael |
author_sort | Rabinowitz, Peter M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The majority of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic (transmissible between animals and humans) in origin, and therefore integrated surveillance of disease events in humans and animals has been recommended to support effective global response to disease emergence. While in the past decade there has been extensive global surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection in both animals and humans, there have been few attempts to compare these data streams and evaluate the utility of such integration. METHODOLOGY: We compared reports of bird outbreaks of HPAI H5N1 in Egypt for 2006–2011 compiled by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) EMPRESi reporting system with confirmed human H5N1 cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) for Egypt during the same time period. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Both human cases and bird outbreaks showed a cyclic pattern for the country as a whole, and there was a statistically significant temporal correlation between the data streams. At the governorate level, the first outbreak in birds in a season usually but not always preceded the first human case, and the time lag between events varied widely, suggesting regional differences in zoonotic risk and/or surveillance effectiveness. In a multivariate risk model, lower temperature, lower urbanization, higher poultry density, and the recent occurrence of a bird outbreak were associated with increased risk of a human case of HPAI in the same governorate, although the positive predictive value of a bird outbreak was low. CONCLUSIONS: Integrating data streams of surveillance for human and animal cases of zoonotic disease holds promise for better prediction of disease risk and identification of environmental and regional factors that can affect risk. Such efforts can also point out gaps in human and animal surveillance systems and generate hypotheses regarding disease transmission. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3459960 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34599602012-10-01 Comparison of Human and Animal Surveillance Data for H5N1 Influenza A in Egypt 2006–2011 Rabinowitz, Peter M. Galusha, Deron Vegso, Sally Michalove, Jennifer Rinne, Seppo Scotch, Matthew Kane, Michael PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: The majority of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic (transmissible between animals and humans) in origin, and therefore integrated surveillance of disease events in humans and animals has been recommended to support effective global response to disease emergence. While in the past decade there has been extensive global surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection in both animals and humans, there have been few attempts to compare these data streams and evaluate the utility of such integration. METHODOLOGY: We compared reports of bird outbreaks of HPAI H5N1 in Egypt for 2006–2011 compiled by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) EMPRESi reporting system with confirmed human H5N1 cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) for Egypt during the same time period. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Both human cases and bird outbreaks showed a cyclic pattern for the country as a whole, and there was a statistically significant temporal correlation between the data streams. At the governorate level, the first outbreak in birds in a season usually but not always preceded the first human case, and the time lag between events varied widely, suggesting regional differences in zoonotic risk and/or surveillance effectiveness. In a multivariate risk model, lower temperature, lower urbanization, higher poultry density, and the recent occurrence of a bird outbreak were associated with increased risk of a human case of HPAI in the same governorate, although the positive predictive value of a bird outbreak was low. CONCLUSIONS: Integrating data streams of surveillance for human and animal cases of zoonotic disease holds promise for better prediction of disease risk and identification of environmental and regional factors that can affect risk. Such efforts can also point out gaps in human and animal surveillance systems and generate hypotheses regarding disease transmission. Public Library of Science 2012-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC3459960/ /pubmed/23028474 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043851 Text en © 2012 Rabinowitz et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Rabinowitz, Peter M. Galusha, Deron Vegso, Sally Michalove, Jennifer Rinne, Seppo Scotch, Matthew Kane, Michael Comparison of Human and Animal Surveillance Data for H5N1 Influenza A in Egypt 2006–2011 |
title | Comparison of Human and Animal Surveillance Data for H5N1 Influenza A in Egypt 2006–2011 |
title_full | Comparison of Human and Animal Surveillance Data for H5N1 Influenza A in Egypt 2006–2011 |
title_fullStr | Comparison of Human and Animal Surveillance Data for H5N1 Influenza A in Egypt 2006–2011 |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Human and Animal Surveillance Data for H5N1 Influenza A in Egypt 2006–2011 |
title_short | Comparison of Human and Animal Surveillance Data for H5N1 Influenza A in Egypt 2006–2011 |
title_sort | comparison of human and animal surveillance data for h5n1 influenza a in egypt 2006–2011 |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459960/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23028474 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043851 |
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