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Visual acuity and visual skills in Malaysian children with learning disabilities
BACKGROUND: There is limited data in the literature concerning the visual status and skills in children with learning disabilities, particularly within the Asian population. This study is aimed to determine visual acuity and visual skills in children with learning disabilities in primary schools wit...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dove Medical Press
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3460699/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055674 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S33270 |
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author | Muzaliha, Mohd-Nor Nurhamiza, Buang Hussein, Adil Norabibas, Abdul-Rani Mohd-Hisham-Basrun, Jaafar Sarimah, Abdullah Leo, Seo-Wei Shatriah, Ismail |
author_facet | Muzaliha, Mohd-Nor Nurhamiza, Buang Hussein, Adil Norabibas, Abdul-Rani Mohd-Hisham-Basrun, Jaafar Sarimah, Abdullah Leo, Seo-Wei Shatriah, Ismail |
author_sort | Muzaliha, Mohd-Nor |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: There is limited data in the literature concerning the visual status and skills in children with learning disabilities, particularly within the Asian population. This study is aimed to determine visual acuity and visual skills in children with learning disabilities in primary schools within the suburban Kota Bharu district in Malaysia. METHODS: We examined 1010 children with learning disabilities aged between 8–12 years from 40 primary schools in the Kota Bharu district, Malaysia from January 2009 to March 2010. These children were identified based on their performance in a screening test known as the Early Intervention Class for Reading and Writing Screening Test conducted by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Complete ocular examinations and visual skills assessment included near point of convergence, amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility, convergence break and recovery, divergence break and recovery, and developmental eye movement tests for all subjects. RESULTS: A total of 4.8% of students had visual acuity worse than 6/12 (20/40), 14.0% had convergence insufficiency, 28.3% displayed poor accommodative amplitude, and 26.0% showed signs of accommodative infacility. A total of 12.1% of the students had poor convergence break, 45.7% displayed poor convergence recovery, 37.4% showed poor divergence break, and 66.3% were noted to have poor divergence recovery. The mean horizontal developmental eye movement was significantly prolonged. CONCLUSION: Although their visual acuity was satisfactory, nearly 30% of the children displayed accommodation problems including convergence insufficiency, poor accommodation, and accommodative infacility. Convergence and divergence recovery are the most affected visual skills in children with learning disabilities in Malaysia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3460699 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Dove Medical Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34606992012-10-09 Visual acuity and visual skills in Malaysian children with learning disabilities Muzaliha, Mohd-Nor Nurhamiza, Buang Hussein, Adil Norabibas, Abdul-Rani Mohd-Hisham-Basrun, Jaafar Sarimah, Abdullah Leo, Seo-Wei Shatriah, Ismail Clin Ophthalmol Original Research BACKGROUND: There is limited data in the literature concerning the visual status and skills in children with learning disabilities, particularly within the Asian population. This study is aimed to determine visual acuity and visual skills in children with learning disabilities in primary schools within the suburban Kota Bharu district in Malaysia. METHODS: We examined 1010 children with learning disabilities aged between 8–12 years from 40 primary schools in the Kota Bharu district, Malaysia from January 2009 to March 2010. These children were identified based on their performance in a screening test known as the Early Intervention Class for Reading and Writing Screening Test conducted by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Complete ocular examinations and visual skills assessment included near point of convergence, amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility, convergence break and recovery, divergence break and recovery, and developmental eye movement tests for all subjects. RESULTS: A total of 4.8% of students had visual acuity worse than 6/12 (20/40), 14.0% had convergence insufficiency, 28.3% displayed poor accommodative amplitude, and 26.0% showed signs of accommodative infacility. A total of 12.1% of the students had poor convergence break, 45.7% displayed poor convergence recovery, 37.4% showed poor divergence break, and 66.3% were noted to have poor divergence recovery. The mean horizontal developmental eye movement was significantly prolonged. CONCLUSION: Although their visual acuity was satisfactory, nearly 30% of the children displayed accommodation problems including convergence insufficiency, poor accommodation, and accommodative infacility. Convergence and divergence recovery are the most affected visual skills in children with learning disabilities in Malaysia. Dove Medical Press 2012 2012-09-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3460699/ /pubmed/23055674 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S33270 Text en © 2012 Muzaliha et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd. This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Muzaliha, Mohd-Nor Nurhamiza, Buang Hussein, Adil Norabibas, Abdul-Rani Mohd-Hisham-Basrun, Jaafar Sarimah, Abdullah Leo, Seo-Wei Shatriah, Ismail Visual acuity and visual skills in Malaysian children with learning disabilities |
title | Visual acuity and visual skills in Malaysian children with learning disabilities |
title_full | Visual acuity and visual skills in Malaysian children with learning disabilities |
title_fullStr | Visual acuity and visual skills in Malaysian children with learning disabilities |
title_full_unstemmed | Visual acuity and visual skills in Malaysian children with learning disabilities |
title_short | Visual acuity and visual skills in Malaysian children with learning disabilities |
title_sort | visual acuity and visual skills in malaysian children with learning disabilities |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3460699/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055674 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S33270 |
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