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A retroposon-based view on the temporal differentiation of sex chromosomes
Retroposon presence/absence patterns in orthologous genomic loci are known to be strong and almost homoplasy-free phylogenetic markers of common ancestry. This is evidenced by the comprehensive reconstruction of various species trees of vertebrate lineages in recent years, as well as the inference o...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Landes Bioscience
2012
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3463475/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23061025 http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/mge.20852 |
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author | Suh, Alexander |
author_facet | Suh, Alexander |
author_sort | Suh, Alexander |
collection | PubMed |
description | Retroposon presence/absence patterns in orthologous genomic loci are known to be strong and almost homoplasy-free phylogenetic markers of common ancestry. This is evidenced by the comprehensive reconstruction of various species trees of vertebrate lineages in recent years, as well as the inference of the evolution of genes via retroposon-based gene trees of paralogous genes. Recently, it has been shown that retroposon markers are also suitable for the inference of differentiation events of gametologous genes, i.e., homologous genes on opposite sex chromosomes. This is because sex chromosomes evolved via stepwise cessation of recombination, making the presence or absence of a particular retroposon insertion among the two different gametologs in more or less closely related species a clear-cut indicator of the timing of differentiation events. Here, I examine the advantages and current limitations of this novel perspective for understanding avian sex chromosome evolution, compare the retroposon-based and sequence-based insights into gametolog differentiation and show that retroposons promise to be equally applicable to other sex chromosomal systems, such as the human X and Y chromosomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3463475 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Landes Bioscience |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34634752012-10-11 A retroposon-based view on the temporal differentiation of sex chromosomes Suh, Alexander Mob Genet Elements Commentary Retroposon presence/absence patterns in orthologous genomic loci are known to be strong and almost homoplasy-free phylogenetic markers of common ancestry. This is evidenced by the comprehensive reconstruction of various species trees of vertebrate lineages in recent years, as well as the inference of the evolution of genes via retroposon-based gene trees of paralogous genes. Recently, it has been shown that retroposon markers are also suitable for the inference of differentiation events of gametologous genes, i.e., homologous genes on opposite sex chromosomes. This is because sex chromosomes evolved via stepwise cessation of recombination, making the presence or absence of a particular retroposon insertion among the two different gametologs in more or less closely related species a clear-cut indicator of the timing of differentiation events. Here, I examine the advantages and current limitations of this novel perspective for understanding avian sex chromosome evolution, compare the retroposon-based and sequence-based insights into gametolog differentiation and show that retroposons promise to be equally applicable to other sex chromosomal systems, such as the human X and Y chromosomes. Landes Bioscience 2012-05-01 /pmc/articles/PMC3463475/ /pubmed/23061025 http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/mge.20852 Text en Copyright © 2012 Landes Bioscience http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Commentary Suh, Alexander A retroposon-based view on the temporal differentiation of sex chromosomes |
title | A retroposon-based view on the temporal differentiation of sex chromosomes |
title_full | A retroposon-based view on the temporal differentiation of sex chromosomes |
title_fullStr | A retroposon-based view on the temporal differentiation of sex chromosomes |
title_full_unstemmed | A retroposon-based view on the temporal differentiation of sex chromosomes |
title_short | A retroposon-based view on the temporal differentiation of sex chromosomes |
title_sort | retroposon-based view on the temporal differentiation of sex chromosomes |
topic | Commentary |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3463475/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23061025 http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/mge.20852 |
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