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Methoprene and Temperature Effects on Caste Differentiation and Protein Composition in the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus

The utilization of multiple castes is a shared feature of social insects. In termites, multiple extrinsic factors have been shown to impact caste differentiation; for example, increased temperature has been shown to increase soldier production. Also, application of exogenous methoprene has also been...

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Autores principales: Tarver, Matthew R., Florane, Christopher B., Zhang, Dunhua, Grimm, Casey, Lax, Alan R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: University of Wisconsin Library 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3469409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22943185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.012.1801
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author Tarver, Matthew R.
Florane, Christopher B.
Zhang, Dunhua
Grimm, Casey
Lax, Alan R.
author_facet Tarver, Matthew R.
Florane, Christopher B.
Zhang, Dunhua
Grimm, Casey
Lax, Alan R.
author_sort Tarver, Matthew R.
collection PubMed
description The utilization of multiple castes is a shared feature of social insects. In termites, multiple extrinsic factors have been shown to impact caste differentiation; for example, increased temperature has been shown to increase soldier production. Also, application of exogenous methoprene has also been demonstrated to increase soldier production. The objective of this investigation was to examine and correlate the effects of temperature variation and methoprene treatments on termite caste differentiation, and identify the resulting changes in protein levels. Our results indicate that worker—to—soldier differentiation is modulated by temperature, where a greater number of soldiers developed at a higher rate at higher temperatures compared to lower temperatures. We analyzed total protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and N-terminal sequencing and found several changes. Specifically, four proteins affected by temperature change were identified: Hexamerin-1, Hexamerin-2, Endo-beta 1,4 glucanase, and myosin. These proteins were further examined for their response to temperature, assay length (time), and exposure to the juvenile hormone analog methoprene. Hexamerin-1 protein showed a temperature—and assay length—dependent effect, while Hexamerin-2, Endo-beta 1, 4 glucanase, and myosin protein levels were all affected by temperature, assay length, and exposure to methoprene. Our analysis allows the correlation of temperature, assay length, and presence of methoprene with specific changes in protein levels that occur during caste differentiation. These results can be directly applied to better understand the complex developmental factors that control termite differentiation and guide the use of juvenile hormone analogs to maximize efficiency of termite eradication in the field.
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spelling pubmed-34694092012-10-16 Methoprene and Temperature Effects on Caste Differentiation and Protein Composition in the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus Tarver, Matthew R. Florane, Christopher B. Zhang, Dunhua Grimm, Casey Lax, Alan R. J Insect Sci Article The utilization of multiple castes is a shared feature of social insects. In termites, multiple extrinsic factors have been shown to impact caste differentiation; for example, increased temperature has been shown to increase soldier production. Also, application of exogenous methoprene has also been demonstrated to increase soldier production. The objective of this investigation was to examine and correlate the effects of temperature variation and methoprene treatments on termite caste differentiation, and identify the resulting changes in protein levels. Our results indicate that worker—to—soldier differentiation is modulated by temperature, where a greater number of soldiers developed at a higher rate at higher temperatures compared to lower temperatures. We analyzed total protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and N-terminal sequencing and found several changes. Specifically, four proteins affected by temperature change were identified: Hexamerin-1, Hexamerin-2, Endo-beta 1,4 glucanase, and myosin. These proteins were further examined for their response to temperature, assay length (time), and exposure to the juvenile hormone analog methoprene. Hexamerin-1 protein showed a temperature—and assay length—dependent effect, while Hexamerin-2, Endo-beta 1, 4 glucanase, and myosin protein levels were all affected by temperature, assay length, and exposure to methoprene. Our analysis allows the correlation of temperature, assay length, and presence of methoprene with specific changes in protein levels that occur during caste differentiation. These results can be directly applied to better understand the complex developmental factors that control termite differentiation and guide the use of juvenile hormone analogs to maximize efficiency of termite eradication in the field. University of Wisconsin Library 2012-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3469409/ /pubmed/22943185 http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.012.1801 Text en © 2012 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Article
Tarver, Matthew R.
Florane, Christopher B.
Zhang, Dunhua
Grimm, Casey
Lax, Alan R.
Methoprene and Temperature Effects on Caste Differentiation and Protein Composition in the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus
title Methoprene and Temperature Effects on Caste Differentiation and Protein Composition in the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus
title_full Methoprene and Temperature Effects on Caste Differentiation and Protein Composition in the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus
title_fullStr Methoprene and Temperature Effects on Caste Differentiation and Protein Composition in the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus
title_full_unstemmed Methoprene and Temperature Effects on Caste Differentiation and Protein Composition in the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus
title_short Methoprene and Temperature Effects on Caste Differentiation and Protein Composition in the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus
title_sort methoprene and temperature effects on caste differentiation and protein composition in the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3469409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22943185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.012.1801
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