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Epidemiological Impact of a Genital Herpes Type 2 Vaccine for Young Females

Genital Herpes, which is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus-1 or -2 (HSV-1, -2, predominantly HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that causes a chronic latent infection with outbreak episodes linked to transmission. Antiviral therapies are effective in reducing viral shedding during these e...

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Autores principales: Lou, Yijun, Qesmi, Redouane, Wang, Qian, Steben, Marc, Wu, Jianhong, Heffernan, Jane M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3469571/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23071536
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046027
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author Lou, Yijun
Qesmi, Redouane
Wang, Qian
Steben, Marc
Wu, Jianhong
Heffernan, Jane M.
author_facet Lou, Yijun
Qesmi, Redouane
Wang, Qian
Steben, Marc
Wu, Jianhong
Heffernan, Jane M.
author_sort Lou, Yijun
collection PubMed
description Genital Herpes, which is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus-1 or -2 (HSV-1, -2, predominantly HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that causes a chronic latent infection with outbreak episodes linked to transmission. Antiviral therapies are effective in reducing viral shedding during these episodes, but are ineffective as a whole since many outbreaks are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Thus, the development of a vaccine for genital herpes is needed to control this disease. The question of how to implement such a vaccine program is an important one, and may be similar to the vaccination program for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) for young females. We have developed a mathematical model to describe the epidemiology of vaccination targeting young females against HSV-2. The model population is delineated with respect to age group, sexual activity and infection status including oral infection of HSV-1, which may affect vaccine efficacy. A threshold parameter [Image: see text], which determines the level of vaccine uptake needed to eradicate HSV-2, is found. Computer simulation shows that an adolescent-only vaccination program may be effective in eliminating HSV-2 disease, however, the success of extinction greatly depends on the level of vaccine uptake, the vaccine efficacy, the age of sexual maturity and safe sex practices. However, the time course of eradication would take many years. We also investigate the prevalence of infection in the total population and in women between 16–30 years of age before and after vaccination has been introduced, and show that the adolescent-only vaccination program can be effective in reducing disease prevalence in these populations depending on the level of vaccine uptake and vaccine efficacy. This will also result in a decrease of maternal-fetal transmission of HSV-2 infection. Another important, if commonsense, conclusion is that vaccination of some females reduces infection in men, which then reduces infection in women.
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spelling pubmed-34695712012-10-15 Epidemiological Impact of a Genital Herpes Type 2 Vaccine for Young Females Lou, Yijun Qesmi, Redouane Wang, Qian Steben, Marc Wu, Jianhong Heffernan, Jane M. PLoS One Research Article Genital Herpes, which is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus-1 or -2 (HSV-1, -2, predominantly HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that causes a chronic latent infection with outbreak episodes linked to transmission. Antiviral therapies are effective in reducing viral shedding during these episodes, but are ineffective as a whole since many outbreaks are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Thus, the development of a vaccine for genital herpes is needed to control this disease. The question of how to implement such a vaccine program is an important one, and may be similar to the vaccination program for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) for young females. We have developed a mathematical model to describe the epidemiology of vaccination targeting young females against HSV-2. The model population is delineated with respect to age group, sexual activity and infection status including oral infection of HSV-1, which may affect vaccine efficacy. A threshold parameter [Image: see text], which determines the level of vaccine uptake needed to eradicate HSV-2, is found. Computer simulation shows that an adolescent-only vaccination program may be effective in eliminating HSV-2 disease, however, the success of extinction greatly depends on the level of vaccine uptake, the vaccine efficacy, the age of sexual maturity and safe sex practices. However, the time course of eradication would take many years. We also investigate the prevalence of infection in the total population and in women between 16–30 years of age before and after vaccination has been introduced, and show that the adolescent-only vaccination program can be effective in reducing disease prevalence in these populations depending on the level of vaccine uptake and vaccine efficacy. This will also result in a decrease of maternal-fetal transmission of HSV-2 infection. Another important, if commonsense, conclusion is that vaccination of some females reduces infection in men, which then reduces infection in women. Public Library of Science 2012-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3469571/ /pubmed/23071536 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046027 Text en © 2012 Lou et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Lou, Yijun
Qesmi, Redouane
Wang, Qian
Steben, Marc
Wu, Jianhong
Heffernan, Jane M.
Epidemiological Impact of a Genital Herpes Type 2 Vaccine for Young Females
title Epidemiological Impact of a Genital Herpes Type 2 Vaccine for Young Females
title_full Epidemiological Impact of a Genital Herpes Type 2 Vaccine for Young Females
title_fullStr Epidemiological Impact of a Genital Herpes Type 2 Vaccine for Young Females
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiological Impact of a Genital Herpes Type 2 Vaccine for Young Females
title_short Epidemiological Impact of a Genital Herpes Type 2 Vaccine for Young Females
title_sort epidemiological impact of a genital herpes type 2 vaccine for young females
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3469571/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23071536
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046027
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