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Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Antitumor Immune Responses

Vaccine-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a critical role in adaptive immunity against cancers. An important goal of current vaccine research is to induce durable and long-lasting functional CTLs that can mediate cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. To attain this goal, there are four distinc...

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Autores principales: Yong, Xin, Xiao, Yü-Feng, Luo, Gang, He, Bin, Lü, Mu-Han, Hu, Chang-Jiang, Guo, Hong, Yang, Shi-Ming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3470898/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23093850
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/605045
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author Yong, Xin
Xiao, Yü-Feng
Luo, Gang
He, Bin
Lü, Mu-Han
Hu, Chang-Jiang
Guo, Hong
Yang, Shi-Ming
author_facet Yong, Xin
Xiao, Yü-Feng
Luo, Gang
He, Bin
Lü, Mu-Han
Hu, Chang-Jiang
Guo, Hong
Yang, Shi-Ming
author_sort Yong, Xin
collection PubMed
description Vaccine-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a critical role in adaptive immunity against cancers. An important goal of current vaccine research is to induce durable and long-lasting functional CTLs that can mediate cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. To attain this goal, there are four distinct steps that must be achieved. To initiate a vaccine-induced CTL antitumor immune response, dendritic cells (DCs) must capture antigens derived from exogenous tumor vaccines in vivo or autologous DCs directly loaded in vitro with tumor antigens must be injected. Next, tumor-antigen-loaded DCs must activate CTLs in lymphoid organs. Subsequently, activated CTLs must enter the tumor microenvironment to perform their functions, at which point a variety of negative regulatory signals suppress the immune response. Finally, CTL-mediated cytotoxic effects must overcome the tolerance induced by tumor cells. Each step is a complex process that may be impeded in many ways. However, if these steps happen under appropriate regulation, the vaccine-induced CTL antitumor immune response will be more successful. For this reason, we should gain a better understanding of the basic mechanisms that govern the immune response. This paper, based on the steps necessary to induce an immune response, discusses current strategies for enhancing vaccine-induced CTL antitumor immune responses.
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spelling pubmed-34708982012-10-23 Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Antitumor Immune Responses Yong, Xin Xiao, Yü-Feng Luo, Gang He, Bin Lü, Mu-Han Hu, Chang-Jiang Guo, Hong Yang, Shi-Ming J Biomed Biotechnol Review Article Vaccine-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a critical role in adaptive immunity against cancers. An important goal of current vaccine research is to induce durable and long-lasting functional CTLs that can mediate cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. To attain this goal, there are four distinct steps that must be achieved. To initiate a vaccine-induced CTL antitumor immune response, dendritic cells (DCs) must capture antigens derived from exogenous tumor vaccines in vivo or autologous DCs directly loaded in vitro with tumor antigens must be injected. Next, tumor-antigen-loaded DCs must activate CTLs in lymphoid organs. Subsequently, activated CTLs must enter the tumor microenvironment to perform their functions, at which point a variety of negative regulatory signals suppress the immune response. Finally, CTL-mediated cytotoxic effects must overcome the tolerance induced by tumor cells. Each step is a complex process that may be impeded in many ways. However, if these steps happen under appropriate regulation, the vaccine-induced CTL antitumor immune response will be more successful. For this reason, we should gain a better understanding of the basic mechanisms that govern the immune response. This paper, based on the steps necessary to induce an immune response, discusses current strategies for enhancing vaccine-induced CTL antitumor immune responses. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-10-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3470898/ /pubmed/23093850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/605045 Text en Copyright © 2012 Xin Yong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Yong, Xin
Xiao, Yü-Feng
Luo, Gang
He, Bin
Lü, Mu-Han
Hu, Chang-Jiang
Guo, Hong
Yang, Shi-Ming
Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Antitumor Immune Responses
title Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Antitumor Immune Responses
title_full Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Antitumor Immune Responses
title_fullStr Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Antitumor Immune Responses
title_full_unstemmed Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Antitumor Immune Responses
title_short Strategies for Enhancing Vaccine-Induced CTL Antitumor Immune Responses
title_sort strategies for enhancing vaccine-induced ctl antitumor immune responses
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3470898/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23093850
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/605045
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