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Demand for pneumococcal vaccination under subsidy program for the elderly in Japan
BACKGROUND: Vaccination programs often organize subsidies and public relations in order to obtain high uptake rates and coverage. However, effects of subsidies and public relations have not been studied well in the literature. In this study, the demand function of pneumococcal vaccination among the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3470958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22970727 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-313 |
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author | Kondo, Masahide Yamamura, Mariko Hoshi, Shu-Ling Okubo, Ichiro |
author_facet | Kondo, Masahide Yamamura, Mariko Hoshi, Shu-Ling Okubo, Ichiro |
author_sort | Kondo, Masahide |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Vaccination programs often organize subsidies and public relations in order to obtain high uptake rates and coverage. However, effects of subsidies and public relations have not been studied well in the literature. In this study, the demand function of pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly in Japan is estimated, incorporating effects of public relations and subsidy. METHODS: Using a data from a questionnaire survey sent to municipalities, the varying and constant elasticity models were applied to estimate the demand function. The response variable is the uptake rate. Explanatory variables are: subsidy supported shot price, operating years of the program, target population size for vaccination, shot location intensity, income and various public relations tools. The best model is selected by c-AIC, and varying and constant price elasticities are calculated from estimation results. RESULTS: The vaccine uptake rate and the shot price have a negative relation. From the results of varying price elasticity, the demand for vaccination is elastic at municipalities with a shot price higher than 3,708 JPY (35.7 USD). Effects of public relations on the uptake rate are not found. CONCLUSIONS: It can be suggested that municipalities with a shot price higher than 3,708 JPY (35.7 USD) could subsidize more and reduce price to increase the demand for vaccination. Effects of public relations are not confirmed in this study, probably due to measurement errors of variables used for public relations, and studies at micro level exploring individual’s response to public relations would be required. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3470958 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34709582012-10-18 Demand for pneumococcal vaccination under subsidy program for the elderly in Japan Kondo, Masahide Yamamura, Mariko Hoshi, Shu-Ling Okubo, Ichiro BMC Health Serv Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Vaccination programs often organize subsidies and public relations in order to obtain high uptake rates and coverage. However, effects of subsidies and public relations have not been studied well in the literature. In this study, the demand function of pneumococcal vaccination among the elderly in Japan is estimated, incorporating effects of public relations and subsidy. METHODS: Using a data from a questionnaire survey sent to municipalities, the varying and constant elasticity models were applied to estimate the demand function. The response variable is the uptake rate. Explanatory variables are: subsidy supported shot price, operating years of the program, target population size for vaccination, shot location intensity, income and various public relations tools. The best model is selected by c-AIC, and varying and constant price elasticities are calculated from estimation results. RESULTS: The vaccine uptake rate and the shot price have a negative relation. From the results of varying price elasticity, the demand for vaccination is elastic at municipalities with a shot price higher than 3,708 JPY (35.7 USD). Effects of public relations on the uptake rate are not found. CONCLUSIONS: It can be suggested that municipalities with a shot price higher than 3,708 JPY (35.7 USD) could subsidize more and reduce price to increase the demand for vaccination. Effects of public relations are not confirmed in this study, probably due to measurement errors of variables used for public relations, and studies at micro level exploring individual’s response to public relations would be required. BioMed Central 2012-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3470958/ /pubmed/22970727 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-313 Text en Copyright ©2012 Kondo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kondo, Masahide Yamamura, Mariko Hoshi, Shu-Ling Okubo, Ichiro Demand for pneumococcal vaccination under subsidy program for the elderly in Japan |
title | Demand for pneumococcal vaccination under subsidy program for the elderly in Japan |
title_full | Demand for pneumococcal vaccination under subsidy program for the elderly in Japan |
title_fullStr | Demand for pneumococcal vaccination under subsidy program for the elderly in Japan |
title_full_unstemmed | Demand for pneumococcal vaccination under subsidy program for the elderly in Japan |
title_short | Demand for pneumococcal vaccination under subsidy program for the elderly in Japan |
title_sort | demand for pneumococcal vaccination under subsidy program for the elderly in japan |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3470958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22970727 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-313 |
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