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Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types

Background. This study investigates the viable persistence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in various types of artificially frozen environmental water and evaluates the feasibility of similar occurrence taking place in nature, and allowing for prolonged abiotic virus survival, with subsequent biot...

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Autores principales: Shoham, Dany, Jahangir, Alam, Ruenphet, Sakchai, Takehara, Kazuaki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471417/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/912326
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author Shoham, Dany
Jahangir, Alam
Ruenphet, Sakchai
Takehara, Kazuaki
author_facet Shoham, Dany
Jahangir, Alam
Ruenphet, Sakchai
Takehara, Kazuaki
author_sort Shoham, Dany
collection PubMed
description Background. This study investigates the viable persistence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in various types of artificially frozen environmental water and evaluates the feasibility of similar occurrence taking place in nature, and allowing for prolonged abiotic virus survival, with subsequent biotic viral recirculation. Methods. Fresh, brackish, and salty water, taken in Japan from aquatic biotopes regularly visited by migratory waterfowl, were seeded with AIVs. We monthly monitored the viability of the seeded viruses in the frozen state at −20°C and −30°C, for 12 months. We also monitored virus viability following repeatedly induced freezing and thawing. Results. The viruses exhibited considerable viable persistence all along that period of time, as well as during freezing-thawing cycles. Appreciable, yet noncrucial variances were observed in relation to some of the parameters examined. Conclusions. As typical waterborne pathogens of numerous northerly aquatic birds, AIVs are innately adapted to both the body temperature of their hosts (40°C to 42°C) and, presumably, to subzero temperatures of frozen lakes (down to −54°C in parts of Siberia) occupied and virus-seeded by subclinically infected birds, prior to freezing. Marked cryostability of AIVs appears to be evident. Preservation in environmental ice has significant ecophylogenetic and epidemiological implications, potentially, and could account for various unexplained phenomena.
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spelling pubmed-34714172012-10-22 Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types Shoham, Dany Jahangir, Alam Ruenphet, Sakchai Takehara, Kazuaki Influenza Res Treat Research Article Background. This study investigates the viable persistence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in various types of artificially frozen environmental water and evaluates the feasibility of similar occurrence taking place in nature, and allowing for prolonged abiotic virus survival, with subsequent biotic viral recirculation. Methods. Fresh, brackish, and salty water, taken in Japan from aquatic biotopes regularly visited by migratory waterfowl, were seeded with AIVs. We monthly monitored the viability of the seeded viruses in the frozen state at −20°C and −30°C, for 12 months. We also monitored virus viability following repeatedly induced freezing and thawing. Results. The viruses exhibited considerable viable persistence all along that period of time, as well as during freezing-thawing cycles. Appreciable, yet noncrucial variances were observed in relation to some of the parameters examined. Conclusions. As typical waterborne pathogens of numerous northerly aquatic birds, AIVs are innately adapted to both the body temperature of their hosts (40°C to 42°C) and, presumably, to subzero temperatures of frozen lakes (down to −54°C in parts of Siberia) occupied and virus-seeded by subclinically infected birds, prior to freezing. Marked cryostability of AIVs appears to be evident. Preservation in environmental ice has significant ecophylogenetic and epidemiological implications, potentially, and could account for various unexplained phenomena. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-10-04 /pmc/articles/PMC3471417/ /pubmed/23091712 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/912326 Text en Copyright © 2012 Dany Shoham et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Shoham, Dany
Jahangir, Alam
Ruenphet, Sakchai
Takehara, Kazuaki
Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types
title Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types
title_full Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types
title_fullStr Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types
title_full_unstemmed Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types
title_short Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types
title_sort persistence of avian influenza viruses in various artificially frozen environmental water types
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3471417/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/912326
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