The Genetic Polymorphisms of HLA Are Strongly Correlated with the Disease Severity after Hantaan Virus Infection in the Chinese Han Population

The polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), which is a genetic factor that influences the progression of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) after Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection, was incompletely understood. In this case-control study, 76 HFRS patients and 370 healthy controls of the Chinese Han population were typed for the HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 loci. The general variation at the HLA-DRB1 locus was associated with the onset of HFRS (P < 0.05). The increasing frequencies of HLA-DRB1∗09 and HLA-B∗46-DRB1∗09 in HFRS patients were observed as reproducing a previous study. Moreover, the HLA-B∗51-DRB1∗09 was susceptible to HFRS (P = 0.037; OR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.00–13.18). The increasing frequencies of HLA-B∗46, HLA-B∗46-DRB1∗09, and HLA-B∗51-DRB1∗09 were observed almost in severe/critical HFRS patients. The mean level of maximum serum creatinine was higher in HLA-B∗46-DRB1∗09 (P = 0.011), HLA-B∗51-DRB1∗09 (P = 0.041), or HLA-B∗46 (P = 0.011) positive patients than that in the negative patients. These findings suggest that the allele HLA-B∗46 and haplotypes HLA-B∗46-DRB1∗09 and HLA-B∗51-DRB1∗09 in patients could contribute to a more severe degree of HFRS and more serious kidney injury, which improve our understanding of the HLA polymorphism for a different outcome of HTNV infection.