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Effect of High Water Fluoride Concentration on the Intellectual Development of Children in Makoo/Iran
OBJECTIVE: Prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child’s growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children living in five rural ar...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3484826/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23119131 |
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author | Seraj, B. Shahrabi, M. Shadfar, M. Ahmadi, R. Fallahzadeh, M. Eslamlu, H. Farrokh Kharazifard, M. J. |
author_facet | Seraj, B. Shahrabi, M. Shadfar, M. Ahmadi, R. Fallahzadeh, M. Eslamlu, H. Farrokh Kharazifard, M. J. |
author_sort | Seraj, B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child’s growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children living in five rural areas in Makoo/Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6–11 years were selected from five villages in Makoo with normal fluoride (0.8±0.3 ppm), medium fluoride (3.1±0.9 ppm) and high fluoride (5.2±1.1 ppm) in their water supplies. The IQ of each child was measured by the Raven’s test. Educational and residential information and the medical history of each child was recorded by a questionnaire completed by the parents. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The mean IQ scores decreased from 97.77±18.91 for the normal fluoride group to 89.03±12.99 for the medium fluoride group and to 88.58±16.01 for the high fluoride group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Children residing in areas with higher than normal water fluoride levels demonstrated more impaired development of intelligence. Thus, children’s intelligence may be affected by high water fluoride levels. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3484826 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34848262012-11-01 Effect of High Water Fluoride Concentration on the Intellectual Development of Children in Makoo/Iran Seraj, B. Shahrabi, M. Shadfar, M. Ahmadi, R. Fallahzadeh, M. Eslamlu, H. Farrokh Kharazifard, M. J. J Dent (Tehran) Original Article OBJECTIVE: Prolonged excessive intake of fluoride during child’s growth and development stages has been associated with mental and physical problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive fluoride intake on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children living in five rural areas in Makoo/Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 293 children aged 6–11 years were selected from five villages in Makoo with normal fluoride (0.8±0.3 ppm), medium fluoride (3.1±0.9 ppm) and high fluoride (5.2±1.1 ppm) in their water supplies. The IQ of each child was measured by the Raven’s test. Educational and residential information and the medical history of each child was recorded by a questionnaire completed by the parents. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The mean IQ scores decreased from 97.77±18.91 for the normal fluoride group to 89.03±12.99 for the medium fluoride group and to 88.58±16.01 for the high fluoride group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Children residing in areas with higher than normal water fluoride levels demonstrated more impaired development of intelligence. Thus, children’s intelligence may be affected by high water fluoride levels. Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2012-09-30 2012 /pmc/articles/PMC3484826/ /pubmed/23119131 Text en Copyright © Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3.0 License (CC BY-NC 3.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Seraj, B. Shahrabi, M. Shadfar, M. Ahmadi, R. Fallahzadeh, M. Eslamlu, H. Farrokh Kharazifard, M. J. Effect of High Water Fluoride Concentration on the Intellectual Development of Children in Makoo/Iran |
title | Effect of High Water Fluoride Concentration on the Intellectual Development of Children in Makoo/Iran |
title_full | Effect of High Water Fluoride Concentration on the Intellectual Development of Children in Makoo/Iran |
title_fullStr | Effect of High Water Fluoride Concentration on the Intellectual Development of Children in Makoo/Iran |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of High Water Fluoride Concentration on the Intellectual Development of Children in Makoo/Iran |
title_short | Effect of High Water Fluoride Concentration on the Intellectual Development of Children in Makoo/Iran |
title_sort | effect of high water fluoride concentration on the intellectual development of children in makoo/iran |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3484826/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23119131 |
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