Cargando…

Endosymbiotic Calcifying Bacteria: A New Cue to the Origin of Calcification in Metazoa?

Sponges show the highest diversity of associated bacteria among marine invertebrates. Immunological evidence traces the origin of the sponge bacterial symbioses to the Precambrian era. Hence, sponges appear to be ideally suited for studying the evolutionary origins of prokaryote–metazoan association...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Uriz, Maria J, Agell, Gemma, Blanquer, Andrea, Turon, Xavier, Casamayor, Emilio O
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Blackwell Publishing Inc 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485668/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23025593
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01676.x
_version_ 1782248336147873792
author Uriz, Maria J
Agell, Gemma
Blanquer, Andrea
Turon, Xavier
Casamayor, Emilio O
author_facet Uriz, Maria J
Agell, Gemma
Blanquer, Andrea
Turon, Xavier
Casamayor, Emilio O
author_sort Uriz, Maria J
collection PubMed
description Sponges show the highest diversity of associated bacteria among marine invertebrates. Immunological evidence traces the origin of the sponge bacterial symbioses to the Precambrian era. Hence, sponges appear to be ideally suited for studying the evolutionary origins of prokaryote–metazoan associations. Sponges produce either calcareous or siliceous skeletons, which only coexist in a relict group of demosponges, the sclerosponges. We report here, for the first time, intensive calcification in nonsclerosponge siliceous demosponges. Calcification is mediated by endosymbiotic bacteria (calcibacteria) located in archeocyte-like sponge cells. These calcibacteria are devoid of bacterial walls and divide within sponge cells until they became surrounded by a calcitic sheet, being subsequently extruded to the sponge subectosomal (subepithelial) zone. Thousands of bacteria-produced calcitic spherules cover the surface of the host sponges, forming a cortex-like structure that mimics a rudimentary peripheral skeleton. Calcibacteria are vertically transferred to the sponge larvae during embryogenesis. Calcium detoxification may have generated this symbiotic association, with some additional benefits for the sponges, such as skeletal formation and deterrence from predation. This unique symbiosis holds implications for sponge biology and may advance discussions on the role of bacteria in early biocalcification processes in metazoans.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3485668
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2012
publisher Blackwell Publishing Inc
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-34856682012-11-05 Endosymbiotic Calcifying Bacteria: A New Cue to the Origin of Calcification in Metazoa? Uriz, Maria J Agell, Gemma Blanquer, Andrea Turon, Xavier Casamayor, Emilio O Evolution Original Articles Sponges show the highest diversity of associated bacteria among marine invertebrates. Immunological evidence traces the origin of the sponge bacterial symbioses to the Precambrian era. Hence, sponges appear to be ideally suited for studying the evolutionary origins of prokaryote–metazoan associations. Sponges produce either calcareous or siliceous skeletons, which only coexist in a relict group of demosponges, the sclerosponges. We report here, for the first time, intensive calcification in nonsclerosponge siliceous demosponges. Calcification is mediated by endosymbiotic bacteria (calcibacteria) located in archeocyte-like sponge cells. These calcibacteria are devoid of bacterial walls and divide within sponge cells until they became surrounded by a calcitic sheet, being subsequently extruded to the sponge subectosomal (subepithelial) zone. Thousands of bacteria-produced calcitic spherules cover the surface of the host sponges, forming a cortex-like structure that mimics a rudimentary peripheral skeleton. Calcibacteria are vertically transferred to the sponge larvae during embryogenesis. Calcium detoxification may have generated this symbiotic association, with some additional benefits for the sponges, such as skeletal formation and deterrence from predation. This unique symbiosis holds implications for sponge biology and may advance discussions on the role of bacteria in early biocalcification processes in metazoans. Blackwell Publishing Inc 2012-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3485668/ /pubmed/23025593 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01676.x Text en No Claim to original U.S. government works. Evolution© 2012 The Society for the Study of Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Terms and Conditions set out at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/onlineopen#OnlineOpen_Terms
spellingShingle Original Articles
Uriz, Maria J
Agell, Gemma
Blanquer, Andrea
Turon, Xavier
Casamayor, Emilio O
Endosymbiotic Calcifying Bacteria: A New Cue to the Origin of Calcification in Metazoa?
title Endosymbiotic Calcifying Bacteria: A New Cue to the Origin of Calcification in Metazoa?
title_full Endosymbiotic Calcifying Bacteria: A New Cue to the Origin of Calcification in Metazoa?
title_fullStr Endosymbiotic Calcifying Bacteria: A New Cue to the Origin of Calcification in Metazoa?
title_full_unstemmed Endosymbiotic Calcifying Bacteria: A New Cue to the Origin of Calcification in Metazoa?
title_short Endosymbiotic Calcifying Bacteria: A New Cue to the Origin of Calcification in Metazoa?
title_sort endosymbiotic calcifying bacteria: a new cue to the origin of calcification in metazoa?
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485668/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23025593
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01676.x
work_keys_str_mv AT urizmariaj endosymbioticcalcifyingbacteriaanewcuetotheoriginofcalcificationinmetazoa
AT agellgemma endosymbioticcalcifyingbacteriaanewcuetotheoriginofcalcificationinmetazoa
AT blanquerandrea endosymbioticcalcifyingbacteriaanewcuetotheoriginofcalcificationinmetazoa
AT turonxavier endosymbioticcalcifyingbacteriaanewcuetotheoriginofcalcificationinmetazoa
AT casamayoremilioo endosymbioticcalcifyingbacteriaanewcuetotheoriginofcalcificationinmetazoa