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Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg?

BACKGROUND: The establishment of safe and effective protocols to treat chytridiomycosis in amphibians is urgently required. In this study, the usefulness of antibacterial agents to clear chytridiomycosis from infected amphibians was evaluated. RESULTS: Florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine and...

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Autores principales: Muijsers, Mariska, Martel, An, Van Rooij, Pascale, Baert, Kris, Vercauteren, Griet, Ducatelle, Richard, De Backer, Patrick, Vercammen, Francis, Haesebrouck, Freddy, Pasmans, Frank
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3488559/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23009707
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-175
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author Muijsers, Mariska
Martel, An
Van Rooij, Pascale
Baert, Kris
Vercauteren, Griet
Ducatelle, Richard
De Backer, Patrick
Vercammen, Francis
Haesebrouck, Freddy
Pasmans, Frank
author_facet Muijsers, Mariska
Martel, An
Van Rooij, Pascale
Baert, Kris
Vercauteren, Griet
Ducatelle, Richard
De Backer, Patrick
Vercammen, Francis
Haesebrouck, Freddy
Pasmans, Frank
author_sort Muijsers, Mariska
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The establishment of safe and effective protocols to treat chytridiomycosis in amphibians is urgently required. In this study, the usefulness of antibacterial agents to clear chytridiomycosis from infected amphibians was evaluated. RESULTS: Florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfonamides were active in vitro against cultures of five Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strains containing sporangia and zoospores, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml for florfenicol and 8.0 μg/ml for the sulfonamides. Trimethoprim was not capable of inhibiting growth but, combined with sulfonamides, reduced the time to visible growth inhibition by the sulfonamides. Growth inhibition of B. dendrobatidis was not observed after exposure to clindamycin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, paromomycin, polymyxin E and tylosin. Cultures of sporangia and zoospores of B. dendrobatidis strains JEL423 and IA042 were killed completely after 14 days of exposure to 100 μg/ml florfenicol or 16 μg/ml trimethoprim combined with 80 μg/ml sulfadiazine. These concentrations were, however, not capable of efficiently killing zoospores within 4 days after exposure as assessed using flow cytometry. Florfenicol concentrations remained stable in a bathing solution during a ten day period. Exposure of Discoglossus scovazzi tadpoles for ten days to 100 μg/ml but not to 10 μg florfenicol /ml water resulted in toxicity. In an in vivo trial, post metamorphic Alytes muletensis, experimentally inoculated with B. dendrobatidis, were treated topically with a solution containing 10 μg/ml of florfenicol during 14 days. Although a significant reduction of the B. dendrobatidis load was obtained, none of the treated animals cleared the infection. CONCLUSIONS: We thus conclude that, despite marked anti B. dendrobatidis activity in vitro, the florfenicol treatment used is not capable of eliminating B. dendrobatidis infections from amphibians.
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spelling pubmed-34885592012-11-05 Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg? Muijsers, Mariska Martel, An Van Rooij, Pascale Baert, Kris Vercauteren, Griet Ducatelle, Richard De Backer, Patrick Vercammen, Francis Haesebrouck, Freddy Pasmans, Frank BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: The establishment of safe and effective protocols to treat chytridiomycosis in amphibians is urgently required. In this study, the usefulness of antibacterial agents to clear chytridiomycosis from infected amphibians was evaluated. RESULTS: Florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfonamides were active in vitro against cultures of five Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strains containing sporangia and zoospores, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml for florfenicol and 8.0 μg/ml for the sulfonamides. Trimethoprim was not capable of inhibiting growth but, combined with sulfonamides, reduced the time to visible growth inhibition by the sulfonamides. Growth inhibition of B. dendrobatidis was not observed after exposure to clindamycin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, paromomycin, polymyxin E and tylosin. Cultures of sporangia and zoospores of B. dendrobatidis strains JEL423 and IA042 were killed completely after 14 days of exposure to 100 μg/ml florfenicol or 16 μg/ml trimethoprim combined with 80 μg/ml sulfadiazine. These concentrations were, however, not capable of efficiently killing zoospores within 4 days after exposure as assessed using flow cytometry. Florfenicol concentrations remained stable in a bathing solution during a ten day period. Exposure of Discoglossus scovazzi tadpoles for ten days to 100 μg/ml but not to 10 μg florfenicol /ml water resulted in toxicity. In an in vivo trial, post metamorphic Alytes muletensis, experimentally inoculated with B. dendrobatidis, were treated topically with a solution containing 10 μg/ml of florfenicol during 14 days. Although a significant reduction of the B. dendrobatidis load was obtained, none of the treated animals cleared the infection. CONCLUSIONS: We thus conclude that, despite marked anti B. dendrobatidis activity in vitro, the florfenicol treatment used is not capable of eliminating B. dendrobatidis infections from amphibians. BioMed Central 2012-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC3488559/ /pubmed/23009707 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-175 Text en Copyright ©2012 Muijsers et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Muijsers, Mariska
Martel, An
Van Rooij, Pascale
Baert, Kris
Vercauteren, Griet
Ducatelle, Richard
De Backer, Patrick
Vercammen, Francis
Haesebrouck, Freddy
Pasmans, Frank
Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg?
title Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg?
title_full Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg?
title_fullStr Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg?
title_full_unstemmed Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg?
title_short Antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: Columbus’s egg?
title_sort antibacterial therapeutics for the treatment of chytrid infection in amphibians: columbus’s egg?
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3488559/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23009707
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-175
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