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Economic crisis and smoking behaviour: prospective cohort study in Iceland

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between the 2008 economic collapse in Iceland and smoking behaviour at the national and individual levels. DESIGN: A population-based, prospective cohort study based on a mail survey (Health and Wellbeing in Iceland) assessed in 2007 and 2009. SETTING: National...

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Autores principales: McClure, Christopher Bruce, Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A, Hauksdóttir, Arna, Kawachi, Ichiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Group 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3488705/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23048059
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001386
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author McClure, Christopher Bruce
Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A
Hauksdóttir, Arna
Kawachi, Ichiro
author_facet McClure, Christopher Bruce
Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A
Hauksdóttir, Arna
Kawachi, Ichiro
author_sort McClure, Christopher Bruce
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between the 2008 economic collapse in Iceland and smoking behaviour at the national and individual levels. DESIGN: A population-based, prospective cohort study based on a mail survey (Health and Wellbeing in Iceland) assessed in 2007 and 2009. SETTING: National mail survey. PARTICIPANTS: Representative cohort (n=3755) of Icelandic adults. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Smoking status. RESULTS: A significant reduction in the prevalence of smoking was observed from 2007 (pre-economic collapse) to 2009 (postcollapse) in both males (17.4–14.8%; p 0.01) and females (20.0–17.5%; p 0.01) in the cohort (n=3755). At the individual level of analysis, male former smokers experiencing a reduction in income during the same period were less likely to relapse (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.85). Female smokers were less likely to quit over time compared to males (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.93). Among male former smokers who experienced an increase in income between 2007 and 2009, we observed an elevated risk of smoking relapse (OR 4.02; 95% CI 1.15 to 14.00). CONCLUSIONS: The national prevalence of smoking in Iceland declined following the 2008 economic crisis. This could be due to the procyclical relationship between macro-economic conditions and smoking behaviour (ie, hard times lead to less smoking because of lower affordability), or it may simply reflect a continuation of trends already in place prior to the crisis. In individual-level analysis, we find that former smokers who experienced a decline in income were less likely to relapse; and conversely, an increase in income raises the risk. However, caution is warranted since these findings are based on small numbers.
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spelling pubmed-34887052012-11-05 Economic crisis and smoking behaviour: prospective cohort study in Iceland McClure, Christopher Bruce Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A Hauksdóttir, Arna Kawachi, Ichiro BMJ Open Smoking and Tobacco OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between the 2008 economic collapse in Iceland and smoking behaviour at the national and individual levels. DESIGN: A population-based, prospective cohort study based on a mail survey (Health and Wellbeing in Iceland) assessed in 2007 and 2009. SETTING: National mail survey. PARTICIPANTS: Representative cohort (n=3755) of Icelandic adults. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Smoking status. RESULTS: A significant reduction in the prevalence of smoking was observed from 2007 (pre-economic collapse) to 2009 (postcollapse) in both males (17.4–14.8%; p 0.01) and females (20.0–17.5%; p 0.01) in the cohort (n=3755). At the individual level of analysis, male former smokers experiencing a reduction in income during the same period were less likely to relapse (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.85). Female smokers were less likely to quit over time compared to males (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.93). Among male former smokers who experienced an increase in income between 2007 and 2009, we observed an elevated risk of smoking relapse (OR 4.02; 95% CI 1.15 to 14.00). CONCLUSIONS: The national prevalence of smoking in Iceland declined following the 2008 economic crisis. This could be due to the procyclical relationship between macro-economic conditions and smoking behaviour (ie, hard times lead to less smoking because of lower affordability), or it may simply reflect a continuation of trends already in place prior to the crisis. In individual-level analysis, we find that former smokers who experienced a decline in income were less likely to relapse; and conversely, an increase in income raises the risk. However, caution is warranted since these findings are based on small numbers. BMJ Group 2012 2012-10-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3488705/ /pubmed/23048059 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001386 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode.
spellingShingle Smoking and Tobacco
McClure, Christopher Bruce
Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A
Hauksdóttir, Arna
Kawachi, Ichiro
Economic crisis and smoking behaviour: prospective cohort study in Iceland
title Economic crisis and smoking behaviour: prospective cohort study in Iceland
title_full Economic crisis and smoking behaviour: prospective cohort study in Iceland
title_fullStr Economic crisis and smoking behaviour: prospective cohort study in Iceland
title_full_unstemmed Economic crisis and smoking behaviour: prospective cohort study in Iceland
title_short Economic crisis and smoking behaviour: prospective cohort study in Iceland
title_sort economic crisis and smoking behaviour: prospective cohort study in iceland
topic Smoking and Tobacco
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3488705/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23048059
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001386
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