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Urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in Nigeria

OBJECTIVES: To assess the respiratory health effect of city ambient air pollutants on transit and non-transit workers and compare such effects by transportation mode, occupational exposure and sociodemographic characteristics of participants. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, randomised survey. SETTING: A tw...

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Autores principales: Ekpenyong, Chris E, Ettebong, E O, Akpan, E E, Samson, T K, Daniel, Nyebuk E
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3488752/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23065446
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001253
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author Ekpenyong, Chris E
Ettebong, E O
Akpan, E E
Samson, T K
Daniel, Nyebuk E
author_facet Ekpenyong, Chris E
Ettebong, E O
Akpan, E E
Samson, T K
Daniel, Nyebuk E
author_sort Ekpenyong, Chris E
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To assess the respiratory health effect of city ambient air pollutants on transit and non-transit workers and compare such effects by transportation mode, occupational exposure and sociodemographic characteristics of participants. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, randomised survey. SETTING: A two primary healthcare centre survey in 2009/2010 in Uyo metropolis, South-South Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 245 male participants recruited, 168 (50 taxi drivers, 60 motorcyclists and 58 civil servants) met the inclusion criteria. These include age 18–35 years, a male transit worker or civil servant who had worked within Uyo metropolis for at least a year prior to the study, and had no history of respiratory disorders/impairment or any other debilitating illness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The adjusted ORs for respiratory function impairment (force vital capacity (FVC) and/or FEV(1)<80% predicted or FEV(1)/FVC<70% predicted) using Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD) and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) criteria were calculated. In order to investigate specific occupation-dependent respiratory function impairment, a comparison was made between the ORs for respiratory impairment in the three occupations. Adjustments were made for some demographic variables such as age, BMI, area of residence, etc. RESULTS: Exposure to ambient air pollution by occupation and transportation mode was independently associated with respiratory functions impairment and incident respiratory symptoms among participants. Motorcyclists had the highest effect, with adjusted OR 3.10, 95% CI 0.402 to 16.207 for FVC<80% predicted and OR 1.71, 95% CI 0.61 to 4.76 for FEV(1)/FVC<70% predicted using GOLD and NICE criteria. In addition, uneducated, currently smoking transit workers who had worked for more than 1 year, with three trips per day and more than 1 h transit time per trip were significantly associated with higher odds for respiratory function impairment at p<0.001, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study lend weights to the existing literature on the adverse respiratory health effect of ambient air pollution on city transit workers globally. The role of other confounders acting synergistically to cause a more deleterious effect is obvious. In all, the effect depends on the mode and duration of exposure.
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spelling pubmed-34887522012-11-05 Urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in Nigeria Ekpenyong, Chris E Ettebong, E O Akpan, E E Samson, T K Daniel, Nyebuk E BMJ Open Public Health OBJECTIVES: To assess the respiratory health effect of city ambient air pollutants on transit and non-transit workers and compare such effects by transportation mode, occupational exposure and sociodemographic characteristics of participants. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, randomised survey. SETTING: A two primary healthcare centre survey in 2009/2010 in Uyo metropolis, South-South Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 245 male participants recruited, 168 (50 taxi drivers, 60 motorcyclists and 58 civil servants) met the inclusion criteria. These include age 18–35 years, a male transit worker or civil servant who had worked within Uyo metropolis for at least a year prior to the study, and had no history of respiratory disorders/impairment or any other debilitating illness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The adjusted ORs for respiratory function impairment (force vital capacity (FVC) and/or FEV(1)<80% predicted or FEV(1)/FVC<70% predicted) using Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD) and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) criteria were calculated. In order to investigate specific occupation-dependent respiratory function impairment, a comparison was made between the ORs for respiratory impairment in the three occupations. Adjustments were made for some demographic variables such as age, BMI, area of residence, etc. RESULTS: Exposure to ambient air pollution by occupation and transportation mode was independently associated with respiratory functions impairment and incident respiratory symptoms among participants. Motorcyclists had the highest effect, with adjusted OR 3.10, 95% CI 0.402 to 16.207 for FVC<80% predicted and OR 1.71, 95% CI 0.61 to 4.76 for FEV(1)/FVC<70% predicted using GOLD and NICE criteria. In addition, uneducated, currently smoking transit workers who had worked for more than 1 year, with three trips per day and more than 1 h transit time per trip were significantly associated with higher odds for respiratory function impairment at p<0.001, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study lend weights to the existing literature on the adverse respiratory health effect of ambient air pollution on city transit workers globally. The role of other confounders acting synergistically to cause a more deleterious effect is obvious. In all, the effect depends on the mode and duration of exposure. BMJ Publishing Group 2012 2012-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3488752/ /pubmed/23065446 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001253 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode.
spellingShingle Public Health
Ekpenyong, Chris E
Ettebong, E O
Akpan, E E
Samson, T K
Daniel, Nyebuk E
Urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in Nigeria
title Urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in Nigeria
title_full Urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in Nigeria
title_fullStr Urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in Nigeria
title_short Urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in Nigeria
title_sort urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in nigeria
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3488752/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23065446
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001253
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