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Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds
A total of 92 commercial compound feeds from South Africa were investigated for various mycotoxins. The data reveal the highest incidence of feed contamination for fumonisins (FB) (range: 104–2999 µg/kg) followed by deoxynivalenol (DON) (range: 124–2352 µg/kg) and zearalenone (ZEA) (range: 30–610 µg...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3496991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23162700 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins4100836 |
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author | Njobeh, Patrick B. Dutton, Mike F. Tevell Åberg, Annica Haggblom, Per |
author_facet | Njobeh, Patrick B. Dutton, Mike F. Tevell Åberg, Annica Haggblom, Per |
author_sort | Njobeh, Patrick B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | A total of 92 commercial compound feeds from South Africa were investigated for various mycotoxins. The data reveal the highest incidence of feed contamination for fumonisins (FB) (range: 104–2999 µg/kg) followed by deoxynivalenol (DON) (range: 124–2352 µg/kg) and zearalenone (ZEA) (range: 30–610 µg/kg). The incidence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AF)-contaminated samples were generally low, i.e., 4% and 30% of samples with levels ranging between 6.4 and 17.1 µg/kg (mean: 9.9 µg/kg) for OTA and 0.2 to 71.8 µg/kg (mean: 9.0 µg/kg) for AF. No samples contained T-2 toxin or HT-2 toxin. However, all samples analyzed were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin with a majority containing several mycotoxins. In particular, 3 of 4 positive samples mainly cattle feeds that had relatively high contents of OTA (ranging from 7 to 17.1 µg/kg) also contained high amounts of AF (>27.5 µg/kg) together with FB, DON and ZEA. Apart from a few samples, the levels of mycotoxins may be regarded as safe for livestock production in South Africa. However, the persistent co-occurrence of mycotoxins in samples, especially those at high concentrations, i.e., AF and OTA, together with other mycotoxins studied, may elicit synergistic or additive effects in animals. This should raise concern as multiple contaminations may pose a risk to livestock production and health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3496991 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34969912012-11-16 Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds Njobeh, Patrick B. Dutton, Mike F. Tevell Åberg, Annica Haggblom, Per Toxins (Basel) Article A total of 92 commercial compound feeds from South Africa were investigated for various mycotoxins. The data reveal the highest incidence of feed contamination for fumonisins (FB) (range: 104–2999 µg/kg) followed by deoxynivalenol (DON) (range: 124–2352 µg/kg) and zearalenone (ZEA) (range: 30–610 µg/kg). The incidence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AF)-contaminated samples were generally low, i.e., 4% and 30% of samples with levels ranging between 6.4 and 17.1 µg/kg (mean: 9.9 µg/kg) for OTA and 0.2 to 71.8 µg/kg (mean: 9.0 µg/kg) for AF. No samples contained T-2 toxin or HT-2 toxin. However, all samples analyzed were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin with a majority containing several mycotoxins. In particular, 3 of 4 positive samples mainly cattle feeds that had relatively high contents of OTA (ranging from 7 to 17.1 µg/kg) also contained high amounts of AF (>27.5 µg/kg) together with FB, DON and ZEA. Apart from a few samples, the levels of mycotoxins may be regarded as safe for livestock production in South Africa. However, the persistent co-occurrence of mycotoxins in samples, especially those at high concentrations, i.e., AF and OTA, together with other mycotoxins studied, may elicit synergistic or additive effects in animals. This should raise concern as multiple contaminations may pose a risk to livestock production and health. MDPI 2012-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3496991/ /pubmed/23162700 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins4100836 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Njobeh, Patrick B. Dutton, Mike F. Tevell Åberg, Annica Haggblom, Per Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds |
title | Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds |
title_full | Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds |
title_fullStr | Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds |
title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds |
title_short | Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds |
title_sort | estimation of multi-mycotoxin contamination in south african compound feeds |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3496991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23162700 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins4100836 |
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