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Relation between Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Acetylcholine Levels in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder. Since acetylcholine (ACh) is known to participate in the inflammatory response, we investigated the possible relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and acetylcholine levels in relapsing-remittin...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497293/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23202919 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms131012656 |
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author | Reale, Marcella de Angelis, Federica di Nicola, Marta Capello, Elisabetta di Ioia, Maria de Luca, Giovanna Lugaresi, Alessandra Tata, Ada Maria |
author_facet | Reale, Marcella de Angelis, Federica di Nicola, Marta Capello, Elisabetta di Ioia, Maria de Luca, Giovanna Lugaresi, Alessandra Tata, Ada Maria |
author_sort | Reale, Marcella |
collection | PubMed |
description | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder. Since acetylcholine (ACh) is known to participate in the inflammatory response, we investigated the possible relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and acetylcholine levels in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) patients. Levels of ACh and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1-β and IL-17 were measured both in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera of 22 RR-MS patients in the relapsing phase and in 17 control subjects affected by other non-neurological diseases (OND). We observed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-17 in both CSF and serum of RR-MS patients compared to control subjects. Moreover, ACh levels were lower in CSF and serum of RR-MS patients compared to levels of control subjects. Although the relationship between high inflammatory cytokine levels and low ACh levels need to be further investigated in the future, our data suggest that IL-1β, and cytokines induced by it, such as IL-17 and ACh, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3497293 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34972932012-11-29 Relation between Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Acetylcholine Levels in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Reale, Marcella de Angelis, Federica di Nicola, Marta Capello, Elisabetta di Ioia, Maria de Luca, Giovanna Lugaresi, Alessandra Tata, Ada Maria Int J Mol Sci Article Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder. Since acetylcholine (ACh) is known to participate in the inflammatory response, we investigated the possible relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and acetylcholine levels in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) patients. Levels of ACh and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1-β and IL-17 were measured both in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera of 22 RR-MS patients in the relapsing phase and in 17 control subjects affected by other non-neurological diseases (OND). We observed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-17 in both CSF and serum of RR-MS patients compared to control subjects. Moreover, ACh levels were lower in CSF and serum of RR-MS patients compared to levels of control subjects. Although the relationship between high inflammatory cytokine levels and low ACh levels need to be further investigated in the future, our data suggest that IL-1β, and cytokines induced by it, such as IL-17 and ACh, may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS. Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) 2012-10-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3497293/ /pubmed/23202919 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms131012656 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). |
spellingShingle | Article Reale, Marcella de Angelis, Federica di Nicola, Marta Capello, Elisabetta di Ioia, Maria de Luca, Giovanna Lugaresi, Alessandra Tata, Ada Maria Relation between Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Acetylcholine Levels in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients |
title | Relation between Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Acetylcholine Levels in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients |
title_full | Relation between Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Acetylcholine Levels in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients |
title_fullStr | Relation between Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Acetylcholine Levels in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Relation between Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Acetylcholine Levels in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients |
title_short | Relation between Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Acetylcholine Levels in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients |
title_sort | relation between pro-inflammatory cytokines and acetylcholine levels in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497293/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23202919 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms131012656 |
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