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Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction
Soil and aquatic microscopic organisms live and behave in a complex three-dimensional environment. Most studies of microscopic organism behavior, in contrast, have been conducted using microscope-based approaches, which limit the movement and behavior to a narrow, nearly two-dimensional focal field....
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MyJove Corporation
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499068/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23128428 http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/4412 |
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author | Magnes, Jenny Susman, Kathleen Eells, Rebecca |
author_facet | Magnes, Jenny Susman, Kathleen Eells, Rebecca |
author_sort | Magnes, Jenny |
collection | PubMed |
description | Soil and aquatic microscopic organisms live and behave in a complex three-dimensional environment. Most studies of microscopic organism behavior, in contrast, have been conducted using microscope-based approaches, which limit the movement and behavior to a narrow, nearly two-dimensional focal field.(1) We present a novel analytical approach that provides real-time analysis of freely swimming C. elegans in a cuvette without dependence on microscope-based equipment. This approach consists of tracking the temporal periodicity of diffraction patterns generated by directing laser light through the cuvette. We measure oscillation frequencies for freely swimming nematodes. Analysis of the far-field diffraction patterns reveals clues about the waveforms of the nematodes. Diffraction is the process of light bending around an object. In this case light is diffracted by the organisms. The light waves interfere and can form a diffraction pattern. A far-field, or Fraunhofer, diffraction pattern is formed if the screen-to-object distance is much larger than the diffracting object. In this case, the diffraction pattern can be calculated (modeled) using a Fourier transform.(2) C. elegans are free-living soil-dwelling nematodes that navigate in three dimensions. They move both on a solid matrix like soil or agar in a sinusoidal locomotory pattern called crawling and in liquid in a different pattern called swimming.(3) The roles played by sensory information provided by mechanosensory, chemosensory, and thermosensory cells that govern plastic changes in locomotory patterns and switches in patterns are only beginning to be elucidated.(4) We describe an optical approach to measuring nematode locomotion in three dimensions that does not require a microscope and will enable us to begin to explore the complexities of nematode locomotion under different conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3499068 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | MyJove Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34990682012-11-19 Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction Magnes, Jenny Susman, Kathleen Eells, Rebecca J Vis Exp Bioengineering Soil and aquatic microscopic organisms live and behave in a complex three-dimensional environment. Most studies of microscopic organism behavior, in contrast, have been conducted using microscope-based approaches, which limit the movement and behavior to a narrow, nearly two-dimensional focal field.(1) We present a novel analytical approach that provides real-time analysis of freely swimming C. elegans in a cuvette without dependence on microscope-based equipment. This approach consists of tracking the temporal periodicity of diffraction patterns generated by directing laser light through the cuvette. We measure oscillation frequencies for freely swimming nematodes. Analysis of the far-field diffraction patterns reveals clues about the waveforms of the nematodes. Diffraction is the process of light bending around an object. In this case light is diffracted by the organisms. The light waves interfere and can form a diffraction pattern. A far-field, or Fraunhofer, diffraction pattern is formed if the screen-to-object distance is much larger than the diffracting object. In this case, the diffraction pattern can be calculated (modeled) using a Fourier transform.(2) C. elegans are free-living soil-dwelling nematodes that navigate in three dimensions. They move both on a solid matrix like soil or agar in a sinusoidal locomotory pattern called crawling and in liquid in a different pattern called swimming.(3) The roles played by sensory information provided by mechanosensory, chemosensory, and thermosensory cells that govern plastic changes in locomotory patterns and switches in patterns are only beginning to be elucidated.(4) We describe an optical approach to measuring nematode locomotion in three dimensions that does not require a microscope and will enable us to begin to explore the complexities of nematode locomotion under different conditions. MyJove Corporation 2012-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC3499068/ /pubmed/23128428 http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/4412 Text en Copyright © 2012, Journal of Visualized Experiments http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visithttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ |
spellingShingle | Bioengineering Magnes, Jenny Susman, Kathleen Eells, Rebecca Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction |
title | Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction |
title_full | Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction |
title_fullStr | Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction |
title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction |
title_short | Quantitative Locomotion Study of Freely Swimming Micro-organisms Using Laser Diffraction |
title_sort | quantitative locomotion study of freely swimming micro-organisms using laser diffraction |
topic | Bioengineering |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499068/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23128428 http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/4412 |
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