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Brain Development in Childhood
Although human brain development continues throughout childhood and adolescence, it is a non-linear process both structurally and functionally. Here we review studies of brain development in healthy children from the viewpoint of structure and the perfusion of gray and white matter. Gray matter volu...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Bentham Open
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499734/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23166579 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874440001206010103 |
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author | Taki, Yasuyuki Kawashima, Ryuta |
author_facet | Taki, Yasuyuki Kawashima, Ryuta |
author_sort | Taki, Yasuyuki |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although human brain development continues throughout childhood and adolescence, it is a non-linear process both structurally and functionally. Here we review studies of brain development in healthy children from the viewpoint of structure and the perfusion of gray and white matter. Gray matter volume increases and then decreases with age, with the developmental time of the peak volume differing among brain regions in the first and second decades of life. On the other hand, white matter volume increase is mostly linear during those periods. As regards fractional anisotropy, most regions show an exponential trajectory with aging. In addition, cerebral blood flow and gray matter volume are proportional at similar developmental ages. Moreover, we show that several lifestyle choices, such as sleeping habits and breakfast staple, affect gray matter volume in healthy children. There are a number of uninvestigated important issues that require future study. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3499734 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Bentham Open |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-34997342012-11-19 Brain Development in Childhood Taki, Yasuyuki Kawashima, Ryuta Open Neuroimag J Article Although human brain development continues throughout childhood and adolescence, it is a non-linear process both structurally and functionally. Here we review studies of brain development in healthy children from the viewpoint of structure and the perfusion of gray and white matter. Gray matter volume increases and then decreases with age, with the developmental time of the peak volume differing among brain regions in the first and second decades of life. On the other hand, white matter volume increase is mostly linear during those periods. As regards fractional anisotropy, most regions show an exponential trajectory with aging. In addition, cerebral blood flow and gray matter volume are proportional at similar developmental ages. Moreover, we show that several lifestyle choices, such as sleeping habits and breakfast staple, affect gray matter volume in healthy children. There are a number of uninvestigated important issues that require future study. Bentham Open 2012-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3499734/ /pubmed/23166579 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874440001206010103 Text en © Taki and Kawashima; Licensee Bentham Open. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Taki, Yasuyuki Kawashima, Ryuta Brain Development in Childhood |
title | Brain Development in Childhood |
title_full | Brain Development in Childhood |
title_fullStr | Brain Development in Childhood |
title_full_unstemmed | Brain Development in Childhood |
title_short | Brain Development in Childhood |
title_sort | brain development in childhood |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499734/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23166579 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874440001206010103 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT takiyasuyuki braindevelopmentinchildhood AT kawashimaryuta braindevelopmentinchildhood |