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Estimation of River Pollution Index in a Tidal Stream Using Kriging Analysis

Tidal streams are complex watercourses that represent a transitional zone between riverine and marine systems; they occur where fresh and marine waters converge. Because tidal circulation processes cause substantial turbulence in these highly dynamic zones, tidal streams are the most productive of w...

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Autores principales: Chen, Yen-Chang, Yeh, Hui-Chung, Wei, Chiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23202672
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093085
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author Chen, Yen-Chang
Yeh, Hui-Chung
Wei, Chiang
author_facet Chen, Yen-Chang
Yeh, Hui-Chung
Wei, Chiang
author_sort Chen, Yen-Chang
collection PubMed
description Tidal streams are complex watercourses that represent a transitional zone between riverine and marine systems; they occur where fresh and marine waters converge. Because tidal circulation processes cause substantial turbulence in these highly dynamic zones, tidal streams are the most productive of water bodies. Their rich biological diversity, combined with the convenience of land and water transports, provide sites for concentrated populations that evolve into large cities. Domestic wastewater is generally discharged directly into tidal streams in Taiwan, necessitating regular evaluation of the water quality of these streams. Given the complex flow dynamics of tidal streams, only a few models can effectively evaluate and identify pollution levels. This study evaluates the river pollution index (RPI) in tidal streams by using kriging analysis. This is a geostatistical method for interpolating random spatial variation to estimate linear grid points in two or three dimensions. A kriging-based method is developed to evaluate RPI in tidal streams, which is typically considered as 1D in hydraulic engineering. The proposed method efficiently evaluates RPI in tidal streams with the minimum amount of water quality data. Data of the Tanshui River downstream reach available from an estuarine area validate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. Results of this study demonstrate that this simple yet reliable method can effectively estimate RPI in tidal streams.
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spelling pubmed-34998552012-11-29 Estimation of River Pollution Index in a Tidal Stream Using Kriging Analysis Chen, Yen-Chang Yeh, Hui-Chung Wei, Chiang Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Tidal streams are complex watercourses that represent a transitional zone between riverine and marine systems; they occur where fresh and marine waters converge. Because tidal circulation processes cause substantial turbulence in these highly dynamic zones, tidal streams are the most productive of water bodies. Their rich biological diversity, combined with the convenience of land and water transports, provide sites for concentrated populations that evolve into large cities. Domestic wastewater is generally discharged directly into tidal streams in Taiwan, necessitating regular evaluation of the water quality of these streams. Given the complex flow dynamics of tidal streams, only a few models can effectively evaluate and identify pollution levels. This study evaluates the river pollution index (RPI) in tidal streams by using kriging analysis. This is a geostatistical method for interpolating random spatial variation to estimate linear grid points in two or three dimensions. A kriging-based method is developed to evaluate RPI in tidal streams, which is typically considered as 1D in hydraulic engineering. The proposed method efficiently evaluates RPI in tidal streams with the minimum amount of water quality data. Data of the Tanshui River downstream reach available from an estuarine area validate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. Results of this study demonstrate that this simple yet reliable method can effectively estimate RPI in tidal streams. MDPI 2012-08-29 2012-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3499855/ /pubmed/23202672 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093085 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chen, Yen-Chang
Yeh, Hui-Chung
Wei, Chiang
Estimation of River Pollution Index in a Tidal Stream Using Kriging Analysis
title Estimation of River Pollution Index in a Tidal Stream Using Kriging Analysis
title_full Estimation of River Pollution Index in a Tidal Stream Using Kriging Analysis
title_fullStr Estimation of River Pollution Index in a Tidal Stream Using Kriging Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Estimation of River Pollution Index in a Tidal Stream Using Kriging Analysis
title_short Estimation of River Pollution Index in a Tidal Stream Using Kriging Analysis
title_sort estimation of river pollution index in a tidal stream using kriging analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23202672
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093085
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