Comparative transcriptome analysis between planarian Dugesia japonica and other platyhelminth species
BACKGROUND: Planarians are considered to be among the extant animals close to one of the earliest groups of organisms that acquired a central nervous system (CNS) during evolution. Planarians have a bilobed brain with nine lateral branches from which a variety of external signals are projected into...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2012
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507646/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22747887 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-289 |
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author | Nishimura, Osamu Hirao, Yukako Tarui, Hiroshi Agata, Kiyokazu |
author_facet | Nishimura, Osamu Hirao, Yukako Tarui, Hiroshi Agata, Kiyokazu |
author_sort | Nishimura, Osamu |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Planarians are considered to be among the extant animals close to one of the earliest groups of organisms that acquired a central nervous system (CNS) during evolution. Planarians have a bilobed brain with nine lateral branches from which a variety of external signals are projected into different portions of the main lobes. Various interneurons process different signals to regulate behavior and learning/memory. Furthermore, planarians have robust regenerative ability and are attracting attention as a new model organism for the study of regeneration. Here we conducted large-scale EST analysis of the head region of the planarian Dugesia japonica to construct a database of the head-region transcriptome, and then performed comparative analyses among related species. RESULTS: A total of 54,752 high-quality EST reads were obtained from a head library of the planarian Dugesia japonica, and 13,167 unigene sequences were produced by de novo assembly. A new method devised here revealed that proteins related to metabolism and defense mechanisms have high flexibility of amino-acid substitutions within the planarian family. Eight-two CNS-development genes were found in the planarian (cf. C. elegans 3; chicken 129). Comparative analysis revealed that 91% of the planarian CNS-development genes could be mapped onto the schistosome genome, but one-third of these shared genes were not expressed in the schistosome. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed a database that is a useful resource for comparative planarian transcriptome studies. Analysis comparing homologous genes between two planarian species showed that the potential of genes is important for accumulation of amino-acid substitutions. The presence of many CNS-development genes in our database supports the notion that the planarian has a fundamental brain with regard to evolution and development at not only the morphological/functional, but also the genomic, level. In addition, our results indicate that the planarian CNS-development genes already existed before the divergence of planarians and schistosomes from their common ancestor. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3507646 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35076462012-11-28 Comparative transcriptome analysis between planarian Dugesia japonica and other platyhelminth species Nishimura, Osamu Hirao, Yukako Tarui, Hiroshi Agata, Kiyokazu BMC Genomics Research Article BACKGROUND: Planarians are considered to be among the extant animals close to one of the earliest groups of organisms that acquired a central nervous system (CNS) during evolution. Planarians have a bilobed brain with nine lateral branches from which a variety of external signals are projected into different portions of the main lobes. Various interneurons process different signals to regulate behavior and learning/memory. Furthermore, planarians have robust regenerative ability and are attracting attention as a new model organism for the study of regeneration. Here we conducted large-scale EST analysis of the head region of the planarian Dugesia japonica to construct a database of the head-region transcriptome, and then performed comparative analyses among related species. RESULTS: A total of 54,752 high-quality EST reads were obtained from a head library of the planarian Dugesia japonica, and 13,167 unigene sequences were produced by de novo assembly. A new method devised here revealed that proteins related to metabolism and defense mechanisms have high flexibility of amino-acid substitutions within the planarian family. Eight-two CNS-development genes were found in the planarian (cf. C. elegans 3; chicken 129). Comparative analysis revealed that 91% of the planarian CNS-development genes could be mapped onto the schistosome genome, but one-third of these shared genes were not expressed in the schistosome. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed a database that is a useful resource for comparative planarian transcriptome studies. Analysis comparing homologous genes between two planarian species showed that the potential of genes is important for accumulation of amino-acid substitutions. The presence of many CNS-development genes in our database supports the notion that the planarian has a fundamental brain with regard to evolution and development at not only the morphological/functional, but also the genomic, level. In addition, our results indicate that the planarian CNS-development genes already existed before the divergence of planarians and schistosomes from their common ancestor. BioMed Central 2012-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC3507646/ /pubmed/22747887 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-289 Text en Copyright ©2012 Nishimura et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Nishimura, Osamu Hirao, Yukako Tarui, Hiroshi Agata, Kiyokazu Comparative transcriptome analysis between planarian Dugesia japonica and other platyhelminth species |
title | Comparative transcriptome analysis between planarian Dugesia japonica and other platyhelminth species |
title_full | Comparative transcriptome analysis between planarian Dugesia japonica and other platyhelminth species |
title_fullStr | Comparative transcriptome analysis between planarian Dugesia japonica and other platyhelminth species |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative transcriptome analysis between planarian Dugesia japonica and other platyhelminth species |
title_short | Comparative transcriptome analysis between planarian Dugesia japonica and other platyhelminth species |
title_sort | comparative transcriptome analysis between planarian dugesia japonica and other platyhelminth species |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507646/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22747887 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-289 |
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