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World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science
Modern information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, have diminished the role of spatial distances and territorial boundaries on the access and transmissibility of information. This has enabled scientists for closer collaboration and internationalization. Nevertheless, geograp...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23198092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep00902 |
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author | Pan, Raj Kumar Kaski, Kimmo Fortunato, Santo |
author_facet | Pan, Raj Kumar Kaski, Kimmo Fortunato, Santo |
author_sort | Pan, Raj Kumar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Modern information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, have diminished the role of spatial distances and territorial boundaries on the access and transmissibility of information. This has enabled scientists for closer collaboration and internationalization. Nevertheless, geography remains an important factor affecting the dynamics of science. Here we present a systematic analysis of citation and collaboration networks between cities and countries, by assigning papers to the geographic locations of their authors’ affiliations. The citation flows as well as the collaboration strengths between cities decrease with the distance between them and follow gravity laws. In addition, the total research impact of a country grows linearly with the amount of national funding for research & development. However, the average impact reveals a peculiar threshold effect: the scientific output of a country may reach an impact larger than the world average only if the country invests more than about 100,000 USD per researcher annually. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3509350 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35093502012-11-29 World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science Pan, Raj Kumar Kaski, Kimmo Fortunato, Santo Sci Rep Article Modern information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, have diminished the role of spatial distances and territorial boundaries on the access and transmissibility of information. This has enabled scientists for closer collaboration and internationalization. Nevertheless, geography remains an important factor affecting the dynamics of science. Here we present a systematic analysis of citation and collaboration networks between cities and countries, by assigning papers to the geographic locations of their authors’ affiliations. The citation flows as well as the collaboration strengths between cities decrease with the distance between them and follow gravity laws. In addition, the total research impact of a country grows linearly with the amount of national funding for research & development. However, the average impact reveals a peculiar threshold effect: the scientific output of a country may reach an impact larger than the world average only if the country invests more than about 100,000 USD per researcher annually. Nature Publishing Group 2012-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC3509350/ /pubmed/23198092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep00902 Text en Copyright © 2012, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Pan, Raj Kumar Kaski, Kimmo Fortunato, Santo World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science |
title | World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science |
title_full | World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science |
title_fullStr | World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science |
title_full_unstemmed | World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science |
title_short | World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science |
title_sort | world citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23198092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep00902 |
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