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The Need for Inducing Tolerance in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Successful hand and face transplantation in the last decade has firmly established the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). The experience in VCA has thus far been very similar to solid organ transplantation in terms of the morbidity associated with long-term immunosuppression....
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509522/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/438078 |
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author | Ravindra, Kadiyala V. Xu, Hong Bozulic, Larry D. Song, David D. Ildstad, Suzanne T. |
author_facet | Ravindra, Kadiyala V. Xu, Hong Bozulic, Larry D. Song, David D. Ildstad, Suzanne T. |
author_sort | Ravindra, Kadiyala V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Successful hand and face transplantation in the last decade has firmly established the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). The experience in VCA has thus far been very similar to solid organ transplantation in terms of the morbidity associated with long-term immunosuppression. The unique immunological features of VCA such as split tolerance and resistance to chronic rejection are being investigated. Simultaneously there has been laboratory work studying tolerogenic protocols in animal VCA models. In order to optimize VCA outcomes, translational studies are needed to develop less toxic immunosuppression and possibly achieve donor-specific tolerance. This article reviews the immunology, animal models, mixed chimerism & tolerance induction in VCA and the direction of future research to enable better understanding and wider application of VCA. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3509522 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35095222012-12-18 The Need for Inducing Tolerance in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Ravindra, Kadiyala V. Xu, Hong Bozulic, Larry D. Song, David D. Ildstad, Suzanne T. Clin Dev Immunol Review Article Successful hand and face transplantation in the last decade has firmly established the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). The experience in VCA has thus far been very similar to solid organ transplantation in terms of the morbidity associated with long-term immunosuppression. The unique immunological features of VCA such as split tolerance and resistance to chronic rejection are being investigated. Simultaneously there has been laboratory work studying tolerogenic protocols in animal VCA models. In order to optimize VCA outcomes, translational studies are needed to develop less toxic immunosuppression and possibly achieve donor-specific tolerance. This article reviews the immunology, animal models, mixed chimerism & tolerance induction in VCA and the direction of future research to enable better understanding and wider application of VCA. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC3509522/ /pubmed/23251216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/438078 Text en Copyright © 2012 Kadiyala V. Ravindra et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Ravindra, Kadiyala V. Xu, Hong Bozulic, Larry D. Song, David D. Ildstad, Suzanne T. The Need for Inducing Tolerance in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation |
title | The Need for Inducing Tolerance in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation |
title_full | The Need for Inducing Tolerance in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation |
title_fullStr | The Need for Inducing Tolerance in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation |
title_full_unstemmed | The Need for Inducing Tolerance in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation |
title_short | The Need for Inducing Tolerance in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation |
title_sort | need for inducing tolerance in vascularized composite allotransplantation |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509522/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/438078 |
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