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Modulation of Apoptotic Signaling by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein

Worldwide, an estimated 350 million people are chronically infected with the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV); chronic infection with HBV is associated with the development of severe liver diseases including hepatitis and cirrhosis. Individuals who are chronically infected with HBV also have a significantly...

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Autores principales: Rawat, Siddhartha, Clippinger, Amy J., Bouchard, Michael J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23202511
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v4112945
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author Rawat, Siddhartha
Clippinger, Amy J.
Bouchard, Michael J.
author_facet Rawat, Siddhartha
Clippinger, Amy J.
Bouchard, Michael J.
author_sort Rawat, Siddhartha
collection PubMed
description Worldwide, an estimated 350 million people are chronically infected with the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV); chronic infection with HBV is associated with the development of severe liver diseases including hepatitis and cirrhosis. Individuals who are chronically infected with HBV also have a significantly higher risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than uninfected individuals. The HBV X protein (HBx) is a key regulatory HBV protein that is important for HBV replication, and likely plays a cofactor role in the development of HCC in chronically HBV-infected individuals. Although some of the functions of HBx that may contribute to the development of HCC have been characterized, many HBx activities, and their putative roles during the development of HBV-associated HCC, remain incompletely understood. HBx is a multifunctional protein that localizes to the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria of HBV‑infected hepatocytes. HBx regulates numerous cellular signal transduction pathways and transcription factors as well as cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In this review, we will summarize reports in which the impact of HBx expression on cellular apoptotic pathways has been analyzed. Although various effects of HBx on apoptotic pathways have been observed in different model systems, studies of HBx activities in biologically relevant hepatocyte systems have begun to clarify apoptotic effects of HBx and suggest mechanisms that could link HBx modulation of apoptotic pathways to the development of HBV-associated HCC.
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spelling pubmed-35096792012-12-10 Modulation of Apoptotic Signaling by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Rawat, Siddhartha Clippinger, Amy J. Bouchard, Michael J. Viruses Review Worldwide, an estimated 350 million people are chronically infected with the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV); chronic infection with HBV is associated with the development of severe liver diseases including hepatitis and cirrhosis. Individuals who are chronically infected with HBV also have a significantly higher risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than uninfected individuals. The HBV X protein (HBx) is a key regulatory HBV protein that is important for HBV replication, and likely plays a cofactor role in the development of HCC in chronically HBV-infected individuals. Although some of the functions of HBx that may contribute to the development of HCC have been characterized, many HBx activities, and their putative roles during the development of HBV-associated HCC, remain incompletely understood. HBx is a multifunctional protein that localizes to the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria of HBV‑infected hepatocytes. HBx regulates numerous cellular signal transduction pathways and transcription factors as well as cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In this review, we will summarize reports in which the impact of HBx expression on cellular apoptotic pathways has been analyzed. Although various effects of HBx on apoptotic pathways have been observed in different model systems, studies of HBx activities in biologically relevant hepatocyte systems have begun to clarify apoptotic effects of HBx and suggest mechanisms that could link HBx modulation of apoptotic pathways to the development of HBV-associated HCC. MDPI 2012-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC3509679/ /pubmed/23202511 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v4112945 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rawat, Siddhartha
Clippinger, Amy J.
Bouchard, Michael J.
Modulation of Apoptotic Signaling by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein
title Modulation of Apoptotic Signaling by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein
title_full Modulation of Apoptotic Signaling by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein
title_fullStr Modulation of Apoptotic Signaling by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of Apoptotic Signaling by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein
title_short Modulation of Apoptotic Signaling by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein
title_sort modulation of apoptotic signaling by the hepatitis b virus x protein
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23202511
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v4112945
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