412 Incidence of Allergic Diseases on Children under 5 Years in Juarez Hospital Mexico

BACKGROUND: Allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis are common disorders that have increased its prevalence over the past thirty years. Atopic diseases have a genetic basis, with expression of different phenotypes associated with chromosome 5 (5q23-25, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 and GM-CSF), 6 (molecules of class I and II human leukocyte antigen) 11 (11q13: β subunit of high affinity receptor for IgE) and 12 (12q: IFN-gamma, nitric acid synthase). Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of airway and is the most common chronic disease in children characterized by wheezing. Wheezing may occur even once it is up to 50% of all infants and children under 3 years old and topic dermatitis affecting over 10% of children. OBJECTIVE: To define incidence and prevalence of asthma and others allergic diseases in population of less than 5 years of age in Juarez Hospital Mexico. RESULTS: We evaluated 11,346 allergic patients on 4 years period (January 2007 to December 2010). Two thousand three hundred ninety six were ≤5 years (21.11%); 10.2% a year old or younger, 16.7% 2 years old, 18.5% had 3 years, 24.7% of 4 years and 30% 5 years old. Nine hundred ninety two patients (41.4%) were females and 1.404 (58.6%) male. One thousand two hundred thirty eight patients (51.7%) had only one diagnostic finding as most frequent cause of consultation allergic rhinitis (59.6%), followed by asthma (23%), atopic dermatitis (5.1%), prurigo by insect (4.3), immunodeficiency (1.2%) the rest had various pathologies such as contact dermatitis, gastro esophageal reflux, oral allergy syndrome, and others. The remaining patients 48.3% (1158) had more than one diagnostic. The most common associations were asthma and rhinitis 716 (30%), 72 patients (3%) with asthma and atopic dermatitis, 48 patients (2%) with some immune deficiency and asthma and/or rhinitis, 12 (0.5%) with prurigo and atopic dermatitis, 8 (0.3%) with urticaria and 11 patients (4.5%) with other diagnoses such as reflux or infections. CONCLUSIONS: Allergic diseases are common on pediatric population and children under 5 years old asthma and rhinitis is theprincipal cause of consultation.