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Skill Memory Escaping from Distraction by Sleep—Evidence from Dual-Task Performance

BACKGROUND: Sleep facilitates off-line consolidation of memories, as shown for learning of motor skills in the absence of concomitant distractors. We often perform complex tasks focusing our attention mostly on one single part of them. However, we are equally able to skillfully perform other concurr...

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Autores principales: Ertelt, Denis, Witt, Karsten, Reetz, Kathrin, Frank, Wolfgang, Junghanns, Klaus, Backhaus, Jutta, Tadic, Vera, Pellicano, Antonello, Born, Jan, Binkofski, Ferdinand
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226554
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050983
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author Ertelt, Denis
Witt, Karsten
Reetz, Kathrin
Frank, Wolfgang
Junghanns, Klaus
Backhaus, Jutta
Tadic, Vera
Pellicano, Antonello
Born, Jan
Binkofski, Ferdinand
author_facet Ertelt, Denis
Witt, Karsten
Reetz, Kathrin
Frank, Wolfgang
Junghanns, Klaus
Backhaus, Jutta
Tadic, Vera
Pellicano, Antonello
Born, Jan
Binkofski, Ferdinand
author_sort Ertelt, Denis
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Sleep facilitates off-line consolidation of memories, as shown for learning of motor skills in the absence of concomitant distractors. We often perform complex tasks focusing our attention mostly on one single part of them. However, we are equally able to skillfully perform other concurrent tasks. One may even improve performance on disregarded parts of complex tasks, which were learned implicitly. In the present study we investigated the role of sleep in the off-line consolidation of procedural skills when attention is diverted from the procedural task because of interference from a concurrent task. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a dual-task paradigm containing (i) procedural serial reaction time task (SRTT), which was labeled as subordinate and unimportant and (ii) declarative word-pair association task (WPAT), performed concomitantly. The WPAT served as a masked distractor to SRTT and was strongly reinforced by the instructions. One experimental and three control groups were tested. The experimental group was re-tested after two nights of sleep (sleep group, SG). The first control group had sleep deprivation on the first post-learning night (nighttime-awake group, NA), the second control group was tested in the morning and then re-tested after 12-hours (daytime-awake group, DA); the third one had the same assignments as DA but with a subsequent, instead of a concomitant, WPAT (daytime-awake-subsequent-WPAT group, DAs). We found SRTT performance gains in SG but not in NA and DA groups. Furthermore, SG reached similar learning gains in SRTT as the DAs group, which gained in SRTT performance because of post-training interference from the declarative task. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results demonstrate that sleep allows off-line consolidation, which is resistant to deteriorating effects of a reinforced distractor on the implicit procedural learning and allowing for gains which are consistent with those produced when inhibited declarative memories of SRTT do not compete with procedural ones.
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spelling pubmed-35142282012-12-05 Skill Memory Escaping from Distraction by Sleep—Evidence from Dual-Task Performance Ertelt, Denis Witt, Karsten Reetz, Kathrin Frank, Wolfgang Junghanns, Klaus Backhaus, Jutta Tadic, Vera Pellicano, Antonello Born, Jan Binkofski, Ferdinand PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Sleep facilitates off-line consolidation of memories, as shown for learning of motor skills in the absence of concomitant distractors. We often perform complex tasks focusing our attention mostly on one single part of them. However, we are equally able to skillfully perform other concurrent tasks. One may even improve performance on disregarded parts of complex tasks, which were learned implicitly. In the present study we investigated the role of sleep in the off-line consolidation of procedural skills when attention is diverted from the procedural task because of interference from a concurrent task. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a dual-task paradigm containing (i) procedural serial reaction time task (SRTT), which was labeled as subordinate and unimportant and (ii) declarative word-pair association task (WPAT), performed concomitantly. The WPAT served as a masked distractor to SRTT and was strongly reinforced by the instructions. One experimental and three control groups were tested. The experimental group was re-tested after two nights of sleep (sleep group, SG). The first control group had sleep deprivation on the first post-learning night (nighttime-awake group, NA), the second control group was tested in the morning and then re-tested after 12-hours (daytime-awake group, DA); the third one had the same assignments as DA but with a subsequent, instead of a concomitant, WPAT (daytime-awake-subsequent-WPAT group, DAs). We found SRTT performance gains in SG but not in NA and DA groups. Furthermore, SG reached similar learning gains in SRTT as the DAs group, which gained in SRTT performance because of post-training interference from the declarative task. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results demonstrate that sleep allows off-line consolidation, which is resistant to deteriorating effects of a reinforced distractor on the implicit procedural learning and allowing for gains which are consistent with those produced when inhibited declarative memories of SRTT do not compete with procedural ones. Public Library of Science 2012-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC3514228/ /pubmed/23226554 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050983 Text en © 2012 Ertelt et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ertelt, Denis
Witt, Karsten
Reetz, Kathrin
Frank, Wolfgang
Junghanns, Klaus
Backhaus, Jutta
Tadic, Vera
Pellicano, Antonello
Born, Jan
Binkofski, Ferdinand
Skill Memory Escaping from Distraction by Sleep—Evidence from Dual-Task Performance
title Skill Memory Escaping from Distraction by Sleep—Evidence from Dual-Task Performance
title_full Skill Memory Escaping from Distraction by Sleep—Evidence from Dual-Task Performance
title_fullStr Skill Memory Escaping from Distraction by Sleep—Evidence from Dual-Task Performance
title_full_unstemmed Skill Memory Escaping from Distraction by Sleep—Evidence from Dual-Task Performance
title_short Skill Memory Escaping from Distraction by Sleep—Evidence from Dual-Task Performance
title_sort skill memory escaping from distraction by sleep—evidence from dual-task performance
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226554
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050983
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