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Impacts of CA9 Gene Polymorphisms and Environmental Factors on Oral-Cancer Susceptibility and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Taiwan
BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, oral cancer has causally been associated with environmental carcinogens. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is reportedly overexpressed in several types of carcinomas and is generally considered a marker of malignancy. The current study explored the combined effect of CA9 gene polymor...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514272/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226559 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051051 |
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author | Chien, Ming-Hsien Yang, Jia-Sin Chu, Yin-Hung Lin, Chien-Huang Wei, Lin-Hung Yang, Shun-Fa Lin, Chiao-Wen |
author_facet | Chien, Ming-Hsien Yang, Jia-Sin Chu, Yin-Hung Lin, Chien-Huang Wei, Lin-Hung Yang, Shun-Fa Lin, Chiao-Wen |
author_sort | Chien, Ming-Hsien |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, oral cancer has causally been associated with environmental carcinogens. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is reportedly overexpressed in several types of carcinomas and is generally considered a marker of malignancy. The current study explored the combined effect of CA9 gene polymorphisms and exposure to environmental carcinogens on the susceptibility of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CA9 gene from 462 patients with oral cancer and 519 non-cancer controls were analyzed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). While the studied SNPs (CA9 rs2071676, rs3829078, rs1048638 and +376 Del) were not associated with susceptibility to oral cancer, the GAA haplotype of 3 CA9 SNPs (rs2071676, rs3829078, and rs1048638) was related to a higher risk of oral cancer. Moreover, the four CA9 SNPs combined with betel quid chewing and/or tobacco consumption could robustly elevate susceptibility to oral cancer. Finally, patients with oral cancer who had at least one G allele of CA9 rs2071676 were at higher risk for developing lymph-node metastasis (p = 0.022), compared to those patients homozygous for AA. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the haplotype of rs2071676, rs3829078, and rs1048638 combined has potential predictive significance in oral carcinogenesis. Gene-environment interactions of CA9 polymorphisms, smoking, and betel-quid chewing might alter oral cancer susceptibility and metastasis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3514272 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-35142722012-12-05 Impacts of CA9 Gene Polymorphisms and Environmental Factors on Oral-Cancer Susceptibility and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Taiwan Chien, Ming-Hsien Yang, Jia-Sin Chu, Yin-Hung Lin, Chien-Huang Wei, Lin-Hung Yang, Shun-Fa Lin, Chiao-Wen PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, oral cancer has causally been associated with environmental carcinogens. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is reportedly overexpressed in several types of carcinomas and is generally considered a marker of malignancy. The current study explored the combined effect of CA9 gene polymorphisms and exposure to environmental carcinogens on the susceptibility of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CA9 gene from 462 patients with oral cancer and 519 non-cancer controls were analyzed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). While the studied SNPs (CA9 rs2071676, rs3829078, rs1048638 and +376 Del) were not associated with susceptibility to oral cancer, the GAA haplotype of 3 CA9 SNPs (rs2071676, rs3829078, and rs1048638) was related to a higher risk of oral cancer. Moreover, the four CA9 SNPs combined with betel quid chewing and/or tobacco consumption could robustly elevate susceptibility to oral cancer. Finally, patients with oral cancer who had at least one G allele of CA9 rs2071676 were at higher risk for developing lymph-node metastasis (p = 0.022), compared to those patients homozygous for AA. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the haplotype of rs2071676, rs3829078, and rs1048638 combined has potential predictive significance in oral carcinogenesis. Gene-environment interactions of CA9 polymorphisms, smoking, and betel-quid chewing might alter oral cancer susceptibility and metastasis. Public Library of Science 2012-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC3514272/ /pubmed/23226559 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051051 Text en © 2012 Chien et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Chien, Ming-Hsien Yang, Jia-Sin Chu, Yin-Hung Lin, Chien-Huang Wei, Lin-Hung Yang, Shun-Fa Lin, Chiao-Wen Impacts of CA9 Gene Polymorphisms and Environmental Factors on Oral-Cancer Susceptibility and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Taiwan |
title | Impacts of CA9 Gene Polymorphisms and Environmental Factors on Oral-Cancer Susceptibility and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Taiwan |
title_full | Impacts of CA9 Gene Polymorphisms and Environmental Factors on Oral-Cancer Susceptibility and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Taiwan |
title_fullStr | Impacts of CA9 Gene Polymorphisms and Environmental Factors on Oral-Cancer Susceptibility and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Taiwan |
title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of CA9 Gene Polymorphisms and Environmental Factors on Oral-Cancer Susceptibility and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Taiwan |
title_short | Impacts of CA9 Gene Polymorphisms and Environmental Factors on Oral-Cancer Susceptibility and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Taiwan |
title_sort | impacts of ca9 gene polymorphisms and environmental factors on oral-cancer susceptibility and clinicopathologic characteristics in taiwan |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514272/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226559 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051051 |
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